image Home       image Fowles,       image Fitzgerald,       image r04 06 (9)       image R 22MP (3)       image 45 (3)       

Linki

[ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]
SHADES OF GLORY
THE EVOLUTION
OF THE PALETTE
PAGE 12
|
CULTURE
SUZYMENKES
MINIMALISM
TO THEMAX
PAGE 9
|
FASHIONMILAN
VIACOM’S FUTURE
TOUGHTEST FOR
WOULD-BE KING
PAGE 18
|
BUSINESSWITH
....
THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 24, 2012
GLOBAL.NYTIMES.COM
Greenland
could see
boon from
warming
NARSAQ, GREENLAND
Egypt leader
urges U.S. to
fix ties with
Arab nations
CAIRO
Mining will bring wealth,
but some fear changes
to traditional ways of life
It should help build state
for Palestinians, he says,
and show more respect
BY ELISABETH ROSENTHAL
As icebergs in the Kayak Harbor pop
and hiss while melting away, this re-
mote Arctic town and its culture are also
disappearing in a changing climate.
Narsaq’s largest employer, a shrimp
factory, closed a few years ago after the
crustaceans fled north to cooler water.
Where once there were eight commer-
cial fishing vessels, there is now one.
And as a result, the population here, one
of southern Greenland’s major towns,
has been halved to 1,500 in just a decade.
Suicides are up.
‘‘Fishing is the heart of this town,’’
said Hans Kaspersen, 63, a fisherman.
‘‘Lots of people have lost their liveli-
hoods.’’
But even as warming temperatures
are upending traditional Greenlandic
life, they are also offering up intriguing
new opportunities for this island of
57,000 —perhaps nowhere more so than
in Narsaq.
Vast new deposits of minerals and
gems are being discovered as Green-
land’s massive ice cap recedes, forming
the basis of a potentially lucrative min-
ing industry.
One of the world’s largest deposits of
rare earth metals — essential for manu-
facturing cellphones, wind turbines and
electric cars — sits just outside Narsaq.
This could be momentous for Green-
land, which has long relied on half a bil-
lion dollars a year in subsidies from
Denmark, its parent state. Mining
profits could help Greenland become
economically self-sufficient and render
it the first sovereign nation created by
global warming.
‘‘One of our goals is to obtain indepen-
dence,’’ said Vittus Qujaukitsoq, a
prominent labor union leader.
But the rapid transition froma society
of individual fishermen and hunters to
GREENLAND, PAGE 19
BY DAVID D. KIRKPATRICK
AND STEVEN ERLANGER
On the eve of his first trip to the United
States as Egypt’s new Islamist presi-
dent, Mohamed Morsi said the United
States needed to fundamentally change
its approach to the Arab world, showing
greater respect for its values and help-
ing to build aPalestinian state, if it hoped
to overcome decades of pent-up anger.
Mr. Morsi, a former leader of the
Muslim Brotherhood and Egypt’s first
democratically elected president,
sought in a 90-minute interview with
TheNewYork Times to revise the terms
of relations between his country and the
United States after the ouster of Hosni
Mubarak, an autocratic but reliable ally
of Washington.
He said it was up to the United States
to repair relations with the Arab world
and to revitalize its alliance with Egypt,
which was long a cornerstone of stabili-
ty in the region. If Washington is asking
Egypt to honor its treatywith Israel, Mr.
Morsi said, then it should also live up to
its own CampDavid commitment to Pal-
estinian self-rule. He said the United
States must respect the Arab world’s
history and culture, evenwhen that con-
flicts withWestern values.
And he dismissed criticism from the
White House that he had not moved fast
enough to condemn protesters who
climbed over a U.S. Embassy wall in
Cairo and burned the U.S. flag to ex-
press anger over an amateur video
ANDREWTESTA FOR THE NEWYORK TIMES
Narsaq, population 1,500, has just one bar, and fishing there has been devastated. But a new economy could make Greenland the first sovereign nation created by global warming.
Connectin
g the world, and polluting it
SANTA CLARA, CALIFORNIA
racks of computer servers that were
needed to store and process information
from members’ accounts. The electric-
ity pouring into the computers was
overheating Ethernet sockets and other
important components.
Thinking fast, Mr. Rothschild, the
company’s engineering chief, took some
employees on an expedition to buy
every fan they could find to blast cool air
at the equipment and prevent the Web
site from going down.
That was in early 2006, when Face-
book had a quaint 10 million or so users
and the one main server site. Today, the
information generated by nearly one bil-
lion people requires outsize versions of
these facilities, called data centers, with
rows and rows of servers spread over
hundreds of thousands of square feet —
tens of thousands of square meters —
and all with industrial cooling systems.
They are a mere fraction of the tens of
thousands of data centers that now exist
to support the overall explosion of digit-
al information. Stupendous amounts of
data are set inmotion each day as people
download movies on iTunes, check cred-
it card balances on Visa’s Web site, send
Yahoo e-mail with files attached, buy
products on Amazon.com, post on Twit-
ter or read newspapers online.
A yearlong examination by The New
York Times has shown that this founda-
tion of the information industry is
sharply at odds with the industry’s im-
age of sleek efficiency and environmen-
tal friendliness.
Most data centers, by design, consume
huge amounts of energy in an incongru-
ously wasteful manner, interviews and
documents show. Online companies typ-
ically run their facilities at maximum ca-
pacity around the clock, whatever the de-
mand. As a result, data centers canwaste
90 percent or more of the electricity they
pull off the grid, The Times found.
Data centers that house
servers can waste
up to 90% of electricity
BY JAMES GLANZ
Jeff Rothschild’s machines at Facebook
had a problem he knew he had to solve
immediately. They were about to melt.
The company had been packing a
rental space here measuring 40 feet by
60 feet, or 12 meters by 18 meters, with
INTERNET, PAGE 20
TARA TODRAS-WHITEHILL FOR THE NYT
Mohamed Morsi defended Egypt’s reaction
to the attack on the U.S. Embassy in Cairo.
DNA could cl
eanse a king besmirched
LEICESTER, ENGLAND
made in the United States that mocked
the Prophet Muhammad.
‘‘We took our time’’ in responding to
avoid an explosive backlash, Mr. Morsi
said, but then dealt ‘‘decisively’’ with
the small, violent element among the
demonstrators.
‘‘We can never condone this kind of
violence, but we need to deal with the
situation wisely,’’ he said, noting that
the employees of the U.S. Embassy
were never in danger.
Mr. Morsi, who was set to travel to
New York on Sunday for a meeting of
the U.N. General Assembly, arrived in
the United States at a delicate moment.
He faces political pressure at home to
prove his independence, but demands
from the West for reassurance that
Egypt under Islamist rule will remain a
monarch could be at hand.
If 12weeks of DNA and isotope testing
confirm that the remains are those of
King Richard, protagonists who believe
that Richard has been the victim of a
centuries-long smear campaign by the
Tudors, aimed at establishing their le-
gitimacy, hope it will lead to a reassess-
ment of his brief but violent reign.
It is a debate that has raged since at
least the late 18th century. Was Richard
the villain the Tudors and Shakespeare
expediently made him out to be, or, as
his supporters contend, a goodly king,
harsh in ways that were a function of an
unforgiving time, but the author of new
measures to help the poor, to extend le-
gal protection to suspected felons, and
to ease bans on the printing and sale of
books?
In histories that have carved Rich-
ard’s 26 months on the throne as one of
the grimmest periods in the story of the
Englishmonarchs, he is cast as themur-
derer of two boy princes, his nephews,
in the Tower of London, to rid himself of
potential rivals for the throne.
In Shakespeare’s ‘‘Richard III,’’ and
in movies shaped by it, he is cast as an
evil, scheming hunchback — a
Manichean, murderous villain —whose
battlefield death at 32 brought an end to
350 years of Plantagenet kings,
bookended England’s Middle Ages,
ended theWars of the Roses and proved
a prelude to the triumphs of the Tudors
and Elizabethans.
Even Richard’s burial place was left
uncertain, an ignominy deemed fitting
Tests of skeletal remains
may bring re-evaluation
of the reviled Richard III
BY JOHN F. BURNS
For more than 500 years, King Richard
III has been the most widely reviled of
English monarchs.
But following a stunning archaeolo-
gical find in this city in the English mid-
lands—askeleton buried amid the ru-
ins of an ancient priory that medieval
scholars believe has a powerful chance
of proving to be Richard’s — a new and
more promising era for the long-dead
VASILY FEDOSENKO/REUTERS
Elections in Belarus
Voting for Parliament inMinsk on Sunday. Supporters
of President Aleksandr G. Lukashenko were expected to win all 110 seats.
PAGE 3
RICHARD, PAGE 4
EGYPT, PAGE 4
WORLDNEWS
In Iraq exit, U.S. goals fell short
With Iraq, the goal was to leave a
stable, representative government,
avoid a power vacuum and maintain
sufficient influence, but the Obama
administration has fallen short of some
of those objectives.
PAGE 5
Moscow sees U.S. aid as threat
A decision by the Kremlin to terminate
all of the programs of the U.S. Agency
for International Development marks
the end of an extraordinary
collaboration between the two former
ColdWar enemies.
PAGE 3
Libyan militias put on notice
Libya’s interim president, Mohammed
Megarief, said the militias must fall
under the umbrella of the national
authorities or disband.
PAGE 4
An unvarnished J.F.K.
The John F. Kennedy Library
Foundation has culled the highlights of
tapes of Oval Office conversations
made by the president.
PAGE 8
BUSINESS
Penalty for Iranian transfers
A British bank accused of illegally
funneling money for Iranian firms has
signed a $340 million settlement.
PAGE 17
VIEWS
Thomas L. Friedman
Aung San Suu Kyi hit the nail on the
head when she said it is the fear of losing
power that corrupts. This explains why
few leaders dare to tell people the truth
about anything controversial.
PAGE 6
America’s inevitable retreat
The United States is bound to curtail its
Middle East presence. Pankaj Mishra
asks whether this process will be as
protracted as Europe’s mid-20th century
retreat fromAsia and Africa.
PAGE 6
Music fees crash Berlin’s party
A German plan to increase the royalties
that clubs, hotels and bars pay to play
music causes uproar in Berlin.
PAGE 17
SPORTS
For an evening, a truce
The bitter soccer rivalry that divides
Liverpool andManchester United
mattered less than the spirit their fans
showed on Sunday.
PAGE 14
Vettel wins in Singapore
The Red Bull driver won his second
Singapore Grand Prix in a row and his
second race this season.
PAGE 14
GIANNI CIPRIANO FOR THE NEWYORK TIMES
PAGE TWO
Route to nowhere
Personal belongings at an immigrant complex inMalta,
which lacks the resources for refugees but by law cannot allow them to leave.
ONLINE
Resolve of two giants is tested
Nationalists in China and Japan have
seized on a territorial dispute over a
group of tiny islands in the East China
Sea and placed it at the heart of the
debate on the balance of power in the
region.
global.nytimes.com/asia
FOR SUBSCRIPTION INFORMATION, CALL:
00800 44 48 78 27
or e-mail us at subs@iht.com
NEWSSTAND PRICES
France ¤ 3.00
IN THIS ISSUE
No. 40,291
Books 12
Business 17
Crossword 16
Design 12
Sports 14
Views 6
EDUCATION
Europe’s student loan woes
Many European college graduates
looking to continue studying in another
country struggle to find financing for
postgraduate degrees.
PAGE 13
www.breguet.com
Algeria Din 175
Ivory Coast CFA 2.200
ABU DHABI BAL HARBOUR BEIJING CANNES DUBAI EKATERINBURG GENEVA GSTAAD
HONG KONG LAS VEGAS LONDON LOS ANGELES MACAO MILAN MOSCOW NEW YORK
NINGBO PARIS SEOUL SHANGHAI SINGAPORE TAIPEI TOKYO VIENNA ZURICH
Andorra ¤ 3.00
Morocco Dh 22
Antilles ¤ 3.00
Senegal CFA 2.200
Cameroon CFA 2.200
Tunisia Din 3.200
Gabon CFA 2.200
Reunion ¤ 3.50
      Attack Iran?
The debate
lacks details
of the House Foreign Affairs Commit-
tee, as well as respected diplomats like
Frank G.Wisner and Thomas Picker-
ing who served underRepublican and
Democratic administrations. The signa-
tories also include two retired military
leaders, Gen.Anthony Zinni and Adm.
William Fallon, bothformer chiefs of
theU.S. Central Command,which cov-
ers theMiddle East. General Zinni was
Mr. Bush’s envoy to the region.
The Iran Project authors say flatly
that ‘‘extended military strikesbythe
U.S. aloneorinconcertwith Israel
could destroy orseverely damagethe
six most important nuclear facilitiesin
Iran.’ ’ An Israeli attack,they add,
would delay theoperationbytwo
years,while more sophisticated U.S.
capabilities would take it out for up to
fouryears.
To preventthe Iranians fromrestart-
ing their nuclear facilities,the report
states thattheUnitedStates would
need to conduct a ‘‘significantly expan-
ded air and sea war overaprolonged
period of time, likely several years.’ ’
If the goal is regime change, that
would probably requiretheuseof
ground forces to occupy Iran. That
would meanacommitmentofre-
sources and personnel ‘‘greater than
whattheU.S. has expended over the
last 10 years in the Iraq and Afghanis-
tan wars combined.’ ’
Whatevercourse is chosen,theex-
pertsconcludethat an attack onIran
would be met withretaliation. Theyan-
ticipate efforts to closethe StraitofHor-
muz fordaysor weeks,withglobal eco-
nomic implications, and asymmetrical
attacks using surrogates like Hezbollah
on U.S. facilitiesinthe region and be-
yond. Conceivably, it could set offare-
gional war.
The reaction on the street in the
Middle East, theysuggest, would be
very negative for U.S. interests, and for
countriesinthe region like Egypt.
Moreover,they worry that astrike
would strengthen, not weaken,the Ira-
nian leaders’ somewhattenuoushold
on their country.
Unlike in theUnitedStates,there is a
very opendebate about this in Israel,
where anumber ofintelligence and
military officials have publicly opposed
Mr. Netanyahu’s eagerness to strike.
The most compelling opponent is Meir
Dagan,whowas the head ofintelli-
gence and special operations for the
Mossad formorethan eight years.
In long interviews with the CBS tele-
visionprogram ‘‘60Minutes’’ and The
New Yorker magazine, heenumerated
the perils of Mr. Netanyahu’scourse.
Mr. Dagan said an Israeli strikewould
bolster the Iranian regime, which he
argues is failing in itspush to lead the
Muslim world. In the interview with
The New Yorker, he said thatwhile
Iran resumeditsnuclear project about
sevenyears ago, ‘‘theeconomic and
diplomatic and covert pressure, ledby
America,obviates the needforanyat-
tacks now.’’
Still,the Iran Project authors ac-
knowledgethat for theUnitedStates
there are risks to any courseofaction.
‘‘The failuretoattack and the decision
to attack bothcould have some negat-
ive reputational consequences. The
challengethen would betodetermine
which of those consequencesare most
probable, important and lasting.’ ’
Mr. Romney and Mr.Obama both
owe ittotheAmerican peopletoad-
dress that question over the next six
weeks.
(BLOOMBERG)
E-MAIL:
pagetwo@iht.com
TOMORROW:
Alan Cowell on the power of
ideas.
Albert R.
Hunt
LETTER FROMWASHINGTON
The last two U.S. presidentshave
misled voters on the costof armedcon-
flicts.Amid another election,the drum-
beats of war are sounding again. This
time, the subject is Iran.
To paraphrase Ronald Reagan: Here
we go again.
There isarobust debate on thevir-
tues and risks of trying to take out
Iran’snuclear facilities. That discus-
sionistaking place in Israel.
In theU.S.election,President Barack
Obama and Mitt Romney, his Republi-
can challenger, parry over who has the
smartest strategy for ensuring that
Iran doesn’t obtain theenriched urani-
um to developanuclear weapon. The
two candidates warn about the dangers
ofIranbecoming a nuclear power.
There is almost no discussion on the
costs ofastriketotake out that nuclear
capacity — be it by Israel or theU.S.—
in lives, money, and regional and global
standing.
This follows two unsatisfactory expe-
riences over the past 10 years. In 2003,
President GeorgeW.Bush said the in-
vasion ofIraqwas justified to remove
Saddam Hussein’s weapons of mass
destruction. ‘‘Itwould not bethat
hard,’ ’ VicePresident Dick Cheneyas-
sured Americans.
Theweapons proved to be nonexist-
ent, but theeffortwas hard and costly.
Morethan 4,400 Americans were killed,
and it cost morethan $800 billion,while
Iraq remains unstable and the region’s
more lethal threat, Iran, is empowered.
Fouryears ago, Mr.Obama declared
that instead ofIraq, hewould focus on
the real problem:Afghanistan.More
than 1,500 Americans have died there
since, at acostofleast $400 billion.
That country seems as corrupt and un-
stable as ever.
PrimeMinisterBenjamin Netanyahu
of Israelsaysapre-emptive strike
against Iran is probably necessary, and
he resistsanypressure from theU.S.
governmenttohold off.
Mr.Obama doesn’t believe the need
for military action is imminent. Mr.
Romney would basically give the Israe-
lis a blank check.
Tendaysago, a high-levelgroup of
U.S. national security experts offered
some answers to the questions about
cost and consequences thatthe candi-
datesare avoiding. Called the Iran
Project, the reportwas signedbymore
than 30experts, including prominent
Republicans like formerDeputySecre-
tary ofState Richard Armitage and
formerSenatorChuck Hagel ofNeb-
raska.Also included were leading
Democrats likeZbigniew Brzezinski,
the formernational securityadviser,
and Lee Hamilton, aformer chairman
PHOTOGRAPHS BY GIANNI CIPRIANO FOR THE NEWYORK TIMES
ONE OF THE LUCKY FEW
Hass Mahamed Dalmar, 21, from Somalia, spent a year in detention. He tried once to move to Belgium but was returned to Malta. Now he works in a resort town.
Migrant
s with nowhere to go
imprisonedinacollection ofbuildings,
including two huge hangars,each hold-
ing about 300 people. In the summer,the
temperatures inside soar. No matter
whatthe season,the noise is deafening,
advocatessay, and hygiene poor.
Once released,theycanmove to
‘‘opencenters’’ liketheonewhereMr.
Mohamedlives.
‘‘These are peoplewho have been
throughalot—war, some have been
raped,’ ’ Katrine Camilleri,the director
of the Jesuit Refugee Service in Malta,
said. ‘‘And it is usually a terrible journey
getting here, in which someof themlose
their wives orhusbands or children.You
would imaginewecould be alittle more
understanding.’ ’
Some advocatespoint out thatthe de-
tentionpolicy itself is expensive.
Malteseofficials, however, cling to it, in
part becausethey would soonbetossed
out of office if they did not, expertssay.
‘‘There isalot ofsupport for the deten-
tionpolicy,’ ’ said Neil Falzon,the direc-
tor of theAditusFoundation, ahuman
rights organizationinMalta. ‘‘The
Maltese are not happy with unknown
Africans lefttorunaround.’ ’
In June, an immigrantwas beaten to
death apparently as hetried to escape
fromdetention; itwas not the first alle-
gation ofbrutality.Malteseofficials say
they would liketoofferbettercondi-
tions, but theyare doing the bestthey
can under the circumstances.
Until recently,Malta had littleexperi-
encewithboat people from theAfrican
continent. Governmentofficials say
there is no good explanationfor why
theybegan arriving in Malta,though
some link the increasetoMalta’s entry
into the European Unionin2004.
Malta has been asking forhelp for
several years, and the European Union
has offeredsome. Several hundred
refugeeshave beenrelocated to the
mainland, and theUnitedStates has
also helped, relocating morethan 1,000
families over the past five years. But the
Maltese say theyneedmore assistance.
Theysaythe current E.U. rules,
knownasthe Dublin II accord, areun-
fair. They were drafted ong before
Maltajoined the bloc, and were focused
onstopping immigrantsfrom ‘‘asylum
shopping’’ — drifting through Europe
looking for whichevercountry might be
most sympathetic to their claims.
Changes to the rulesareunderde-
bate, and expertssaytheyare likely to
include financing forcountries that sud-
denly find themselves facing a wave of
immigrants that hreatens to over-
whelm their resources.
But exactly how the system would
work is still unclear. In the meantime,
thousands of immigrants who landed on
Maltahave nowheretogo and few pros-
p
ects. Thosewho get refugee status
hope forrelocation. Thosewho have
beendeniedhave fewer options.
Some immigrantsdo find work,
though governmentofficials acknowl-
edgethattheyareeasily exploited.
At Mellieha Bay, aresorttown on
Malta, adozen immigrants werework-
ing as beach boys, including Hass Ma-
hamed Dalmar, 21, aSomali man who
spent ayear in detention. Hetried once
to move to Belgiumbut was returned to
Malta and imprisoned or six more
months.
Like many of theotheryoung men
who live in Malta, heeatsfrom the fast
foodstands and sleeps on the beach
chairs in the summer, sometimes earn-
ing $6.50 aday, sometimes$40. ‘‘We are
here,’’ he said, ‘‘looking for a life.’’
VALLETTA, MALTA
Stuck on Malta, Africans
can’t get jobs or move on
to European mainland
BY SUZANNE DALEY
Onarecentevening,the immigrantsliv-
ing in the steel shipping containers out
by the abandoned airport here began to
beddownfor the night, pulling their
mattresses outsidetoescapethe suffo-
cating heat.
Some had livedatthis government-
run‘‘opencenter’’ forseveral years.
Others had arrivedmore recently.Most
sharedasenseofdefeat.
‘‘Really, it’s very bad,’ ’ said a Somali
manwho gave his name as Z. Mohamed.
He had fled war in Somalia,was im-
prisoned in Libya as he made his way
north and now finds himself in this grim
complex,withitscommunal water taps
and bathrooms. ‘‘You can see withyour
eyeshow it is, and everyweekIgotothe
employment centerforajob, but there
is nothing. Theynevercall.’ ’
Perhaps nowhere are he con-
sequences of the European Union’s one-
size-fits-all immigrationrulesmore ap-
parentthan in Malta, a tiny archipelago
in theMediterranean between Libya
and Italy,which now has the highest ra-
tioof immigrantsper capita ofanyE.U.
member.Many ofits immigrantsare
caught in a limbo, unabletofind jobs or
afford housing—and unabletomove off
the island.
It is not thatMr.Mohamed and the
othernew arrivals wanted to cometo
Malta.Most had neverheard of the
placeuntil their flimsy boatsfoundered
on theway to Italy, and theMaltese
Coast guard rescued themfrom the sea.
For thattheyare grateful.
But now what, they ask. The densely
populatednation—400,000 people in 316
square kilometers,or 122 square miles
— has littletooffer them. But under
European rules, because hey first
landedinMalta,theyare prettymuch
stuck inMalta.
Their fingerprintsgo into adatabank,
as theydo for all immigrants that arrive
in theEuropeanUnion. If theymanageto
get to the Europeanmainland, andmany
do, theyare quickly returned toMalta.
Greece, too, is struggling under the
rules. Thousands of immigrantskeep
arriving onitsborders. But faced witha
crushing financial crisis, it has few re-
sources to deal with them. Its facilities
are in such bad shapethat last year the
European CourtofHuman Rightsfound
that returning an asylumseeker to
Greeceviolated his rights.
Malta’snumbers aremuch smaller, but
so is its economy. Theturmoil in Libya,
Somalia, Sudan and Syria is producing a
steady stream ofrefugees.Onarecent
night, theMediterranean yielded 168 im-
migrantsintwo boats, 30of themso sick
fromdaysat sea without food and water
thattheMaltese authorities took them
immediately to ahospital. Government
officials openly groanedatthethoughtof
yet more needy immigrants.
‘‘For us, 168 is theequivalentof thou-
sands,’ ’ said AlexanderTortell,the di-
rector of Malta’s Agency for theWelfare
of AsylumSeekers.
Maltadoesnot evenhave thewhere-
withal to deportthosewho do not quali-
fy forhumanitarian protection. It does
not have the network ofconsulate of-
ficesneeded to negotiate repatriation
IN LIMBO
Migrants in Marsa. Malta has the highest ratio of migrants per capita of any E.U.
member, but it lacks resources to house them and by law cannot let themmove to the mainland.
ONLINE:
JOIN THE CONVERSATION
Time running short for Nazi-hunters
‘‘Heck, in America we turn our war criminals into ‘heroes.’ Look at General
Custer, who supervised the slaughter of many Indian non-combatants, he’s a
hero in the eyes of many. More recently, I saw a 60 minutes show with a U.S.
Marine squad leader who . . . confessed on national TV to machine gunning
unarmed women and children.’’
CAPT. FRANKLIN GRIMES, LYME
ihtrendezvous.com
MOTHER AND CHILD
Dunia Ahmed Mohamed, 29, from Somalia, and her daughter, Bofan, 6, at
a center in Hal Far. Turmoil in northern Africa is producing a steady stream of asylum seekers.
IN OUR PAGES
✴
100, 75, 50 YEARS AGO
Val
letta
alletta
Tyrrhenian
30 km
1912 Balloon Grand Prix
PARIS
News has beenreceived ofallthe
eighteen balloons which started onSun-
day [Sept. 22] fromSaint-Cloudinthe
race for the Grand Prix de l’Aéro-Clubde
France. Therewould seem to be no
doubtthatthewinnerisM. Léon
Barthou, vice-presidentof theAéro-Club
de France, who, piloting the Escapade
(No. 20), landedbythe seaatPorspoder
(Finistère), at half-past six yesterday
morning [Sept. 23]. Porspoderconsti-
tutes thewestern-mostextremity of
Brittany, and is nearly 600 kilomètres
fromParis as the crow flies.
1937 White Russian Leaders Vanish
PARIS
The listofrecent political myster-
iesinFrancewas lengthenedyesterday
[Sept. 23] by the discovery that General
Eugène deMiller, presidentof the Fed-
eration ofRussianWar Veterans, had
disappearedfrom the streets of the cap-
ital exactly as his predecessor, General
AlexanderKoutiepov, vanishedseven
years ago. The present mystery was in-
tensifiedbythe disappearance several
hours later ofGeneral Scobline, another
former White Russian army officer and
an associate ofGeneral Miller.
1962 Bomb Plot Foiled at St. Peter’s
VATICANCITY
Vatican sources said today
[Sept. 23]that an incendiary device found
last night in St. Peter’s Basilica was part
ofaplot to sabotagethe forthcoming Ecu-
menical Council. Investigation of the
device, discovered wedged against a
wooden partitionbyaworkman, showed
that itwas intended to set firetotheelab-
orate seating arrangementsfor the 3,000
prelates whowill attend the council.Al-
though the device could not have dam-
aged the basilica, it could have causedir-
reparable harm to the frescoes and
paintings that line its walls.
UNIS A
SIA
SIA
MALTA
Mediterranean Sea
Tripoli
SPARTANHOUSING
Hal Far residents live in
shipping containers with no running water.
YA
LIBL YA
200 km
treaties across Africa, let alonethe
budget to charter flights to takethe im-
migrants back. So, the numbers contin-
ue to pileup — morethan 16,000 mi-
grantsinthe past decade.
‘‘Whatweneedare smallernum-
bers,’ ’ Mr. Tortell said. ‘‘Ourresources
are proportionate to smallernumbers.’ ’
But evenasMaltapressesfor the
European Union to do moretosharethe
costof caring forrefugees, it has faced
criticism over the conditions immi-
grants facewhen they arrive. For one
thing,officials routinely jail everyone
who arrivesbyboat, in many casesfor
as long as 18 months,even though more
than half will eventually be granted
refugee orsome lesser asylumstatus.A
recent Human Rights Watch report
pointed out thatevenminors were being
jailed,throwninto an adult population
until their age could beverified.
Rightsadvocates also complain that
the detentionpolicy criminalizespeople
who arevery oftenrunning only from
war orpersecution. The immigrantsare
 ....
World News
europe
Cutting off U.S. assistance, the Kremlin recalibrates
Melkonyants, the deputy director of Go-
los. ‘‘It’s useful for the government to
blame the daily problems in Russia that
we all see on NGOs.’’
Critics of the cancellation of aid pro-
grams say the Russian government’s
anger is misdirected. ‘‘It is difficult to
say what result is expected in the Krem-
lin fromthe closure of RussianU.S.A.I.D.
programs,’’ Maria Eismont wrote in a
column in the daily newspaper Vedo-
mosti. ‘‘The protest movement is not go-
ing anywhere because people are not
put on the streets by the State Depart-
ment but by election fraud, the degrada-
tion of law enforcement and the judicial
system, lack of a coherent social and mi-
gration policy, the collapse of health and
education services and total disregard
for citizens demonstrated by officials.’’
Shutting down the international de-
velopment agency in Russia may deal
little more than a short-term setback, at
least for the groups that have become
political foes of the Kremlin; many of
them have other sources of financing.
Some groups, including Golos, already
receive U.S. aid through channels other
than the agency, including the National
Endowment for Democracy, a private
group that receives financing from Con-
gress.
U.S. officials have said they are work-
ing to find ways around Russia’s de-
cision, including the possibility of en-
dowing a private foundation set up
within Russia under Russian law.
But many nonprofit programs stand
to be devastated. Dmitri A. Goliaev, the
director of the Russian Health Care
Foundation, which employs 30 people in
its fight against tuberculosis and H.I.V.,
said the group would be forced to stop
work. ‘‘I am not going to assess every
sector of U.S.A.I.D.’s work,’’ he said,
‘‘but I am convinced that its work in the
health care sector responds to an acute
need for Russia.’’
Paige Alexander, the assistant admin-
istrator for Europe and Eurasia at the
development agency, said the Kremlin’s
decision would only hurt its own cit-
izens. ‘‘We have always been doing this
from the American people to the Rus-
sian people,’’ she said. ‘‘And that’s who
is losing out.’’
Andrew Roth, Anna Kordunsky and Ellen
Barry contributed reporting.
MOSCOW
BY DAVIDM. HERSZENHORN
It began as an urgent effort to stave off
political chaos, build basic institutions,
and even prevent starvation in the anxi-
ety-ridden aftermath of the fall of the
Soviet Union.
Over the next 20 years, through the
U.S. Agency for International Develop-
ment, American taxpayers would come
to spend nearly $3 billion on programs
touching nearly every facet of society in
the former Communist state — fighting
the spread of tuberculosis and H.I.V.;
developing judicial systems and train-
ing lawyers and judges; promoting
child welfare, job readiness, youth en-
gagement, human rights and democra-
cy; and even helping to modernize the
electric grid.
The decision by the Kremlin this
month to terminate all the agency’s pro-
grams in Russia, amid a swirl of ominous
accusations of meddling in Russia’s in-
ternal affairs, has stunned aid workers,
infuriated U.S. diplomats and left many
nonprofit groups on the brink of collapse.
It also marks the end of an extraordi-
nary collaboration between the two
former Cold War enemies, one that was
unimpeded, at least initially, by the sus-
picion that often shadows foreign aid, in
part because such programs have his-
torically in many places provided cover
for intelligence activities.
‘‘In the fall of 1991 and early in 1992,
the door for Western engagement and
influence in remaking the Russian econ-
omy and politywaswide open,’’Michael
A. McFaul, the U.S. ambassador to Rus-
sia, and James M. Goldgeier, his co-au-
thor, wrote in ‘‘Power and Purpose,’’ a
2003 history of U.S. policy after the Cold
War. ‘‘Issues of sovereignty that often
emerge as major sources of tension be-
tween donors and recipients in other
countries were simply not an issue.’’
They are now.
With President Vladimir V. Putin fac-
ing the biggest political challenges since
his rise to power 12 years ago, including
an ongoing series of street demonstra-
tions in Moscow, the Kremlin has been
moving aggressively to clamp down on
dissent.
When Mr. Putin last winter accused
Secretary of State Hillary RodhamClin-
KIRILL KUDRYAVTSEV/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE
The U.S. Embassy in Moscow, headquarters of the U.S. Agency for International Development. The Kremlin decided this month to terminate the agency’s programs in Russia.
ton of sending ‘‘a signal’’ to opposition
groups in Russia to take to the streets,
many U.S. officials dismissed it as elec-
tion-year rhetoric, aimed at propping up
his campaign for president. But the
move to cancel long-established foreign
aid programs, including many with no
connection to politics, suggests that the
fear of external influence is a deeper
concern, and that an effort by Mr. Putin
to recalibrate his relationship with the
United States is under way.
TheKremlin’s ire seems largely direct-
ed at two groups: Golos, the country’s
only independent electionmonitoring or-
ganization, which helped expose fraud
that favored the governing party in par-
liamentary elections last December; and
Transparency International, an anti-cor-
ruption group, which for a while seemed
to have a good working relationship with
Dmitri A. Medvedev, previously presi-
dent and now prime minister.
Russian officials insist that the United
States should not have been surprised
by their decision. ‘‘We have longwarned
the U.S. side that we are not satisfied
with some aspects of U.S.A.I.D., in par-
ticular political aspects,’’ said Aleksei K.
Pushkov, the chairman of the foreign af-
fairs committee in Parliament.
Aleksandr K. Lukashevich, a spokes-
man for the Russian Foreign Ministry,
said there were ‘‘serious questions’’
about the agency’s work in Russia, in-
cluding ‘‘attempts to influence the polit-
ical process through the distribution of
grants.’’
Aid programs sometimes have ulteri-
or motives. In their book, Mr. McFaul
and Mr. Goldgeier described how U.S.
officials in the 1990s directed food aid to
some areas in Russia that had been off
limits in Soviet times to get a look at
those places.
Still, leaders of the nonprofit groups
active in the political arena reject the al-
legations that they are puppets of the
West, and say their efforts are driven by
a desire to fix problems in Russia.
‘‘It’s hysterics and a nervous reaction
from the government,’’ said Grigory A.
BRIEFLY
Europe
Belarus holds elections,
but outcome i
s predictable
clared valid. Voters tramped into one
polling station, No. 85, to dutifully check
the single name on the ballot. They
could vote ‘‘yes’’ or ‘‘no.’’ Election re-
sults are expected onMonday.
Mr. Lukashenko, at a news confer-
ence, embraced the idea that Belarus
had boring elections. ‘‘Those who say
our elections are boring, well, let them
envy us,’’ he said. ‘‘Elections in a civil-
ized society, in a civilized country,
should be exactly this way.’’
Mr. Lukashenko voted with one arm
looped around his son Kolya, who wore
a matching suit. He calls the boy, whose
mother has not been publicly identified,
‘‘my talisman.’’
In a preliminary assessment, the ob-
server mission from the Organization
for Security and Cooperation in Europe
noted improvements in Belarussian
election law.
Officials eased the rules for forming
initiative groups, something candidates
need to legally gather the signatures
necessary to get on the ballot. Surpris-
ingly, many opposition figures were al-
lowed to collect signatures.
Electoral commissions, though, even-
t
ually threw out about half these appli-
MINSK, BELARUS
BY ANDREW E. KRAMER
Belarus held parliamentary elections on
Sunday, the outcome of which did not
hold much suspense: Supporters of
President Aleksandr G. Lukashenko
have traditionallywon, and nowhold, all
110 seats in the chamber.
The result of the votewas uncertain in
other ways, however. The campaign has
provided the first broad interaction be-
tween Belarus and international ob-
servers since a presidential election
went awry here in 2010.
The 2010 vote ended in police beatings
and mass arrests. The European Union
in response imposed a travel ban on Mr.
Lukashenko and 100 or so senior mem-
bers of his government, the lifting of
which nowdepends in part on the observ-
er’s assessment of Sunday’s election.
Opponents of Mr. Lukashenko have
said his modest steps to ease election
rules since 2010 are nothingmore than a
feint, and that the country, its eccentric
leader and dictatorial form of govern-
ment remain dismally backward and an
embarrassment for Europe.
In a sign of these troubles, soon after
the last national election in Belarus, Ir-
ina Khalip, the wife of a leading opposi-
tion candidate, awoke one morning to
the greeting, ‘‘Behold, the first lady of
Belarus is getting up!’’
The fellow inmates in her prison
were, of course, just joking.
‘‘We’re just falling into an abyss’’ po-
litically, said Ms. Khalip, who was re-
leased fromprison last year but remains
under house arrest. The authorities in
2010 also threatened to put her son into
foster care. In April, they released her
husband, Andrei Sannikov.
Mr. Lukashenko’s outbursts — this
spring he said it was ‘‘better to be a dic-
tator than gay’’ — have caused his rule
to be cast in a cartoonish tinge. So has
the behavior of the police. In response to
creative protests using flash mobs
where dissidents clap or eat ice cream
in a group, the police have arrested
people for eating ice cream.
But for dissidents like Ms. Khalip the
country’s problems are chillingly seri-
ous and even small changes in election
practice, the most that is hoped for in
this vote, are pivotally important.
Two opposition parties, the Belarus
Popular Front and United Civil Party,
withdrew from the election last week
and called for a boycott. The govern-
ment, perhaps in response, subsidized
vast, delicious spreads of potato pan-
cakes, pastries and sausages at buffets
set up in the foyers of many polling sites.
Bymid-afternoon on a drizzly election
day inMinsk, turnout passed the 50 per-
cent mark needed for the vote to be de-
PARIS
A leader of French Greens
protests party’s fiscal stance
Daniel Cohn-Bendit, the co-president of
the Greens group in the European Par-
liament, suspended his participation in
the French Greens party on Sunday to
protest its decision to oppose the ratifi-
cation of the European Union’s budget
discipline pact.
The move threatens to rob the party,
Europe Écologie-Les Verts, of one of its
most recognizable deputies —who rose
to prominence during 1968 student riots
in Paris — and may exacerbate ten-
sions within the group, which supports
France’s Socialist-led government and
has two ministerial posts.
The French Greens voted over-
whelmingly against the terms of the
pact at a grass-roots assembly Satur-
day, concluding that it would not
provide long-term answers to the euro
crisis nor help foster environmentally
friendly policies. France is expected to
ratify the pact early next month,
though a major revolt within the coali-
tion could force the Socialists into an
embarrassing reliance on the conserva-
tive opposition.
(REUTERS)
ROSTOV-ON-DON, RUSSIA
Clashes between police
and rebels kill 8 in Chechnya
Four police officers and four suspected
militants have been killed in fighting in
Chechnya, according to officials.
A spokesman for the Interior Min-
istry’s branch in Chechnya said Satur-
day that a series of clashes between the
police and rebels in the previous two
days in the southern Vedeno region had
also left 11 police officers wounded.
After two separatist wars in
Chechnya, the insurgency there has
been largely suppressed by a Kremlin-
backed local strongman, Ramzan A.
Kadyrov, although law enforcement of-
ficers periodically clash with small
groups of gunmen. But Islamic mili-
tancy has spilled into other provinces in
the North Caucasus region.
(AP)
MOSCOW
Speeding motorist kills 7 at bus stop
A drunken driver plowed his car into a
bus stop inMoscow over the weekend,
killing seven people and injuring three
others, the police said. The driver, who
was detained, had had his license sus-
pended in 2010 for drunken driving, of-
ficials said. The Interfax news agency
quoted a police official as saying he
was driving at about 200 kilometers, or
125 miles, per hour.
(REUTERS)
‘‘Elections in a civilized
society, in a civilized country,
should be exactly
this way.’’
cations on technicalities. The improve-
ment was in the easing of this first step.
E.U. officials have been pushing for
such changes rather than focus solely on
the fate of political prisoners, lest they
appear to encourage Mr. Lukashenko to
hold dissidents as bargaining chips, in re-
serve for Soviet-style goodwill gestures
of release. By different assessments, 11 to
14 people incarcerated in Belarus now
are political prisoners, including one can-
didate in the 2010 elections.
The effort to decouple concessions
from prisoner releases has raised the
importance of more broad-based as-
sessments of Belarus’s political culture
such as the O.S.C.E. electoral assess-
ment, said Matteo Mecacci, the special
coordinator leading the observation
team. The European Commission has
scheduled a ministerial-level review of
the visa ban a month after the election.
‘‘It is not a negotiation: You give me
this, I give you that,’’ he said. ‘‘It is not
something we negotiate.’’
Ms. Khalip has objected to this stance,
as have other former prisoners and
relatives, saying the bloc is abandoning
prisoners.
‘‘When there are hostages, what else
is there to talk about?’’ she said. ‘‘Every
one is a personal tragedy.’’
 world news
europe africa middle east
Can DNA restore
a reviled monarch?
RICHARD, FROMPAGE 1
by Tudor successors whose dominion
was secured when Richard was slain,
poleaxed according to those who wit-
nessed it, at the Battle of BosworthField
on August 22, 1485, then bound to a
horse for two days of public display, na-
ked, beside the Soar river in Leicester,
which lies about 100miles, or 160 kilome-
ters, north of London.
Over the next century, the founda-
tions of the modern British state were
laid by Henry VIII, son of the Bosworth
victor Henry VII, and by Henry VIII’s
daughter, Queen Elizabeth I, and it was
in their reigns that Richard’s wretched
place in history was cast by chroniclers
loyal to the kingdom’s new rulers.
It was there that things stood, more or
less, until three weeks ago, when a
Leicester University archaeologist
working in a trench cut into a mundane
city center parking lot, uncovered what
could turn out to be one of the most re-
markable finds in modern British ar-
chaeology — and, judging from the
clamor that has met the discovery in
Britain, to demands for Richard to be re-
buried, like other British kings, in a
place of honor like Westminster Abbey
in London.
The archaeologist, Dr. Jo Appleby, un-
earthed a skeleton with signature char-
acteristics, among them a severely de-
formed spine, what she has described as
a mortal battlefield wound from a
bladed instrument in the back of the
skull and a barbed metal arrowhead
that was found between two vertebrae
in the skeleton’s upper back.
The remains were buried in the choir,
an area of the church in the vestigial ru-
ins of Greyfriars Priory, where Francis-
can monks would have sat during reli-
gious ceremonies, close to the altar. It
was there, in the choir, that one of the
most credible contemporary accounts
said Richard had been interred.
But that pointer proved moot when
Henry VIII seized the monasteries in
grand niece of King Richard. Other tests
will involve carbon dating, which can fix
with some accuracy the age of the bones
and the arrowhead, and isotope anal-
ysis, which can determine in ideal cir-
cumstances, where an individual lived
in his early years— in Richard’s case, at
Fotheringhay castle in Northampton-
shire, not far fromLeicester.
Those involved in the Leicester dig
say that the scientific tests, like much
about the venture, are a ‘‘long shot.’’
DNA testing, they say, can be voided by
genetic mutations that have occurred
over generations. For that and other
reasons, they say, a negative DNA find-
ing will not prove, definitively, that the
bones are not Richard’s.
MathewMorris, an archaeologist who
was working with Dr. Appleby on the
day that the skeleton was found, was
cautious about the discovery.
‘‘All the archaeology and the lab test-
ing can tell us is, if it is Richard, is that
he had a spinal deformity, the nature of
the injuries fromwhich he died in battle
and the respect shown to him in the
place and manner in which he was bur-
ied. It can’t tell us anything about Rich-
ard the man. But what it may do is to re-
ignite the debate about whether he was
a villain or not.’’
Experts involved in the dig have
reached some tentative conclusions. Dr.
Lin Foxhall, the newly appointed chair-
woman of Leicester University’s ar-
chaeological services, said that the pre-
liminary diagnosis of the curved spine
of the skeleton pointed to a condition
known as scoliosis, which often leads to
one shoulder being raised higher than
the other — exactly how contemporary
accounts described Richard.
‘‘It doesn’t fit with Tudor sources
which portray Richard as a wicked
hunchback,’’ she said. ‘‘There was a
long history from Greco-Roman times
’onward of associating physical disabil-
ity like spinal deformations with negat-
ive character traits, a belief that we ex-
plicitly do not share today.
‘‘But it does partially explain the Tu-
dor representation of Richard III. The
individual we have discovered was ob-
viously strong and active despite his
disability. If this individual does indeed
turn out to be Richard III, this has the
potential for a new and different under-
standing of the last of the Plantaganet
kings.’’
Philippa Langley, an Edinburgh-
based screenwriter who led the efforts
of the Richard III Society in pushing for
the Leicester dig, said she expected the
discovery of the remains, if they are
proven to be Richard’s, to prompt a new
generation of scholarship that would
discredit Shakespeare’s representation
of him as ‘‘an evil man all the way
through, with no redeeming features
whatsoever.’’
‘‘The truth will turn out to be some-
where in between,’’ she said. ‘‘Richard
III was a medieval man, and a medieval
king; he was aman of his time. But what
we know of him doesn’t stack up to his
being a brutal man and a serial killer.
Now, perhaps, we can finally get to the
real Richard, to the truth that lies be-
hind the Tudor lies.’’
ASMAAWAGUIH/REUTERS
A young man carried away a rocket-propelled grenade after an attack by protesters on the Rafallah al-Sehati Brigade, a Libyan militia, at an army base in Benghazi.
Libyan lead
er seeks to corral militia groups
BENGHAZI, LIBYA
FROMNEWS REPORTS
Libya’s interim president has ordered
all of the country’s militias to come un-
der government authority or disband, a
move that appears aimed at harnessing
popular anger against the powerful
armed groups after the attack twoweeks
ago that killed the U.S. ambassador.
Late on Saturday, the leader, Mo-
hammedMegarief, said that the militias
— which the weak central government
has relied upon to provide security in
neighborhoods and at state facilities
across the country since the ouster and
death of Col. Muammar el-Qaddafi —
must fall under the umbrella of the na-
tional authorities or disband.
Mr. Megarief said a joint operations
room in Benghazi would coordinate be-
tween the various authorized armed
brigades and the army. Militias operat-
ing outside the ‘‘legitimacy of the state’’
will be disbanded, he said, and the mili-
tary and the police will take control over
those armed groups’ barracks.
In a statement published by the offi-
cial LANA news agency, the military
told all armed groups using the army’s
camps, outposts and barracks in the
capital, Tripoli, and other cities to hand
them over. It warned that it would re-
sort to force if the groups refused.
The announcement by Mr. Megarief
and the military followed reports Satur-
day that two Islamist militias in the
eastern city of Darnahwere disbanding,
bowing to a wave of anti-militia anger
that has swept parts of the country
since the Sept. 11 attack.
A local political activist said Saturday
that one of the militias, the Abu Salim
Brigade, had surrendered several bases
in the city. A secondmilitiawas also said
to have agreed to disband.
The announcements came a day after
tens of thousands of protestersmarched
in Benghazi demanding the dissolution
of militias formed during the revolt last
year against Colonel Qaddafi. Protest-
ers stormed four bases in Benghazi,
routing a rogue Islamist militia whose
members were tied to the attack on the
U.S. mission, in which Ambassador J.
Christopher Stevens and three other
Americans were killed.
They also attacked armed groups
nominally under the command of the
government, which does not have a
well-organized army.
The announcements in Darnah on
Saturday, welcomed by residents who
had held a sit-in demanding that the mi-
litias disband, were a reminder of the
delicate task facing Libya’s new lead-
ers. As theymove against the militias —
which have been both a destabilizing
force and, at times, the sole provider of
security — the government faces the
possibility of a power vacuum.
After the uprising, the militias, flush
with weapons looted from armories or
supplied by foreign backers of the re-
volt, became more powerful than the
new government.
Some of the groups were led by hard-
line Islamists, including former prison-
ers in Colonel Qaddafi’s jails and veter-
ans of the war in Afghanistan. Some
could not be solved ‘‘over one week.’’
‘‘You can’t come to these bodies that
already exist on the ground and tell
them that I want to finish you, or that I
want to integrate you,’’ he said. ‘‘If we
do that, we’re fooling ourselves and
we’re fooling the people.’’
He said the government would seek
dialogue with the fringe militias.
‘‘We do not want to repeat Qaddafi’s
mistakes by exporting them to other
countries to fight,’’ he said. ‘‘They are our
sons, and they are our responsibility.’’
Otherswanted a swift and vigorous ef-
fort to end the reign of the militias, espe-
cially those led by hard-line Islamists.
‘‘They say they are handling security,
but what security do we have?’’ said
Ashour Bentaher, a political activist in
Darnah, where residents have
struggled to shake the city’s reputation
as a hotbed of militancy. ‘‘There are as-
sassinations, there are bombings, kid-
nappings —what security?’’
The wave of anger that had been
building against the militias peaked
with the attack on the U.S. mission in
Benghazi on Sept. 11. Libyan officials
said that members of the Ansar al-
Sharia militia were responsible.
The White House praised the
Benghazi protests as a stand against ex-
tremism.
(AP, IHT, REUTERS)
’’It can’t tell us anything about
Richard the man. But what it
may do is to re-ignite the
debate about whether he was
a villain or not.’’
1538, ransacked them, and left priories
like Greyfriars to crumble into rubble,
to the point where nobody, centuries
later, had any precise fix as to where
they once stood.
Dr. Appleby and her colleagues
painstakingly transferred the remains
to polyethylene bags that were
gathered in cardboard boxes and taken
to a laboratory somewhere in Leicester
that the university, the city authorities,
and the Richard III Society, all partners
in the Greyfriars dig, have refused to
disclose.
Much now depends on the laboratory
tests, DNA tests on genetic material
from the remains that will be compared
with swab tests from Michael Ibsen, a
Canadian-born cabinet maker living in
London, whose mother, a British mi-
grant to Canada, was a 16th-generation
‘‘There are assassinations,
bombings —what security?’’
spoke openly of creating an Islamic
state in Libya.
The army chief of staff, Yousef al-
Mangoush, begged the protesters Sat-
urday not to attack those militias work-
ing under the Defense Ministry. At least
four people were killed Saturday during
an attack in Benghazi on one of those
militias, the Rafallah al-Sehati Brigade.
Other officials, though, suggested that
a direct confrontationwith any of themi-
litias would be too risky. Saleh Joudeh, a
member of Congress, said the problem
Rebels say they’ve moved
base into ‘libe
rated’ Syria
BEIRUT
BY ANNE BARNARD
AND HANIA MOURTADA
Commanders of the Free Syrian Army,
themain umbrella group for fighters op-
posing President Bashar al-Assad, say
they have moved their headquarters
from Turkey into ‘‘liberated areas’’ in-
side Syria, portraying the change as a
major step forward in their efforts to
aid, coordinate and control disparate
groups of rebels.
In a video titled ‘‘Free Syrian Army
Communiqué No. 1 From Inside,’’ Col.
Riad al-Assad, the leader of the Free Syr-
ian Army, declared Saturday: ‘‘To our
free Syrian people and to all free revolu-
tionaries in Syrian towns, villages and
suburbs and to all armed factions of the
revolution: We announce the entry of
the leadership of the Free Syrian Army
into liberated territories in Syria.’’
The goal, analysts said, appeared to
be as much political as military, a bid to
win legitimacy and edge out competing
exile groups seeking to position them-
selves as governments in waiting.
At a rare meeting in Damascus on
Sunday, more than a dozen opposition
parties agreed that Mr. Assad should be
overthrown, The Associated Press re-
ported.
Fighters and opposition activists in
Syria have derided the Free Syrian
Army leaders and other exiles as oppor-
tunists, removed from the battle and
lacking credibility among the Syrians
directly involved in the fighting.
In the video, Colonel Assad sought to
assuage those concerns. He empha-
sized that the move was made ‘‘in col-
laboration with battalions inside Syria.’’
‘‘We have been accused of swerving
from our initial noble goals for the revo-
lution and making questionable deals
with foreign parties,’’ he said. ‘‘Our goal
is not to take the place of the current re-
gime, which is taking its last breaths.’’
He called for all elements of Syrian so-
ciety to agree on a new political system,
adding, ‘‘We are just a part of it.’’
Vowing not to ‘‘strike deals’’ with
Morsi urges U.S. to change
its approach to Arab world
EGYPT,FROMPAGE1
authority, reveling in an approval rating
he saidwas at 70 percent. When he grew
animated, he slipped from Arabic into
crisp English.
He praised Mr. Obama for moving
‘‘decisively and quickly’’ to support the
popular revolts in the Arab world last
year and said he believed that Ameri-
cans supported ‘‘the right of the people
of the region to enjoy the same
freedoms that Americans have.’’
Arabs and Americans have ‘‘a shared
objective, each to live free in their own
land, according to their customs and
values, in a fair and democratic fash-
ion,’’ he said, adding that he hoped for
‘‘a harmonious, peaceful coexistence.’’
But he also said that Americans had
‘‘a special responsibility’’ for the Pales-
tinians because the United States had
signed the Camp David accords of 1978.
The agreements called for the with-
drawal of Israeli troops from the West
Bank and Gaza to make way for full Pal-
estinian self-rule.
‘‘As long as peace and justice are not
fulfilled for the Palestinians, then the
treaty remains unfulfilled,’’ he said.
Mr. Morsi made no apologies for his
roots in the Muslim Brotherhood, an in-
sular religious group that was the main
opposition force underMr. Mubarak and
that now dominates Egyptian politics.
‘‘I grew up with the Muslim Brother-
hood,’’ he said. ‘‘I learned my principles
in the Muslim Brotherhood. I learned
how to lovemy country with theMuslim
Brotherhood. I learned politics with the
Brotherhood. I was a leader of the
MuslimBrotherhood.’’
He repeatedly vowed to uphold equal
citizenship rights for all Egyptians, re-
gardless of religion, sex or class. But he
stood by the religious arguments he
once made as a Brotherhood leader that
neither a woman nor a Christian would
be a suitable president.
‘‘I will not prevent a woman from be-
ing nominated as a candidate for the
presidential campaign,’’ he said. ‘‘This
is not in the Constitution. This is not in
the law. But if youwant to askme if I will
vote for her or not, that is something
else, that is different.’’
anyone ‘‘until we liberate Damascus,’’
Colonel Assad declared, ‘‘We also prom-
ise you that we won’t make any deals at
the expense of our population, its iden-
tity, its religion, its unity, its freedom, its
sovereignty or its independence.’’
But the practical effect of themove re-
mained unclear. Working in Syria could
give Free Syrian Army leaders easier
access to rebels as Turkey, under do-
mestic pressure to curb refugee flows,
increasingly bars fighters from its terri-
tory. But it carries new risks.
‘‘The problem is that it gives the Syr-
ian Air Force a target,’’ said Joshua
Landis, a Syria analyst at theUniversity
of Oklahoma. ‘‘We have to see whether
this is a credible headquarters or just a
mobile camp that gives them a P.O. box
in Syria.’’
Though parts of Syria are outside
government control, the air force bombs
at will. That could restrict the Free Syr-
ian Army leaders’ movements in north-
ern Syria, whether to funnel arms or to
enforce unified goals and standards.
‘‘ ‘Liberated territory’ is areas where
the regime cannot reassert itself even
with air power,’’ said Andrew J. Tabler,
who follows the conflict at the Washing-
ton Institute for Near East Policy. ‘‘I’m
not sure there is much territory like that
at the moment.’’
Analysts said that Syria had long been
home to the real commanders and that
the clout of the Free Syrian Army’s exile
leadership might already be waning.
‘‘The purported F.S.A. leaders in Tur-
key have never exercised anything like
full command and control over the re-
bellion,’’ said Michael Wahid Hanna, an
analyst at the Century Foundation, a re-
search organization based in New York.
‘‘They have seen their role diminish as
the center of gravity continues to shift to
leaders and fighters inside Syria.’’
The move might also signal a shift in
relations between the armed Syrian op-
position and Turkey, which has long
sought to ‘‘run the show,’’ Mr. Landis
said.
Hwaida Saad contributed reporting from
Antakya, Turkey.
stable partner.
Mr. Morsi, 61, whose office is still ad-
orned with nautical paintings that Mr.
Mubarak left behind, said the United
States should not expect Egypt to live
by its rules.
‘‘If you want to judge the perfor-
mance of the Egyptian people by the
standards of German or Chinese or
American culture, then there is no room
for judgment,’’ he said. ‘‘When the
Egyptians decide something, probably
it is not appropriate for the U.S. When
the Americans decide something, this,
of course, is not appropriate for Egypt.’’
He suggested that Egypt would not be
hostile to the West but that it would not
be as compliant as it was under Mr.
Mubarak, either. ‘‘Successive American
administrations essentially purchased
with American taxpayer money the dis-
like, if not the hatred, of the peoples of
the region,’’ he said, referring to U.S.
backing of dictatorial governments and
its support for Israel.
He had initially sought to meet with
President Barack Obama at the White
House during his visit, but the idea re-
ceived a cool reception, aides to both
presidents said. Mindful of howa visit to
the White House by an Islamist leader
could be viewed in a U.S. election year,
Mr. Morsi dropped his request.
His silence in the immediate after-
math of the embassy protest in Cairo eli-
cited a tense telephone call from Mr.
Obama, who also said on television that
at that moment he did not consider
Egypt an ally, although he did not deem
it an enemy either.
When asked if he considered the
United States an ally, Mr. Morsi said
with a smile and in English, ‘‘That de-
pends on your definition of ally,’’ a delib-
erate echo ofMr. Obama’s words. But he
also said he envisioned the two nations
as ‘‘real friends.’’
Mr. Morsi, a stocky figure with a trim
beard and wire-rim glasses, received a
doctorate in materials science at the
University of Southern California in the
early 1980s. He spoke during the inter-
viewwith an easy confidence in his new
ANDREWTESTA FOR THE NEWYORK TIMES
Matthew Morris, an archaeologist who took part in the excavation, standing by the
trench where the skeleton that is believed to be that of King Richard III was discovered.
 middle east asia
world news
In Iraq pu
llout, White House fell short on several main goals
return to Baghdad to help with thetalks,
thoughtthat abruising parliamentary
battle could be avoidedbyworking out
an understanding underanexisting um-
brella agreementon economic and secu-
ritycooperation — an approach Mr.Ma-
liki himself had suggestedseveral times.
But theWhiteHousewanted airtight im-
munitiesforanyU.S.troops staying in
Iraq,which U.S. government lawyers,
the Iraqi chiefjustice and JamesF. Jef-
frey,theU.S. ambassador in Baghdad,
all said would require anew agreement
endorsedbythe Iraqi Parliament.
Mrs. Clinton and LeonE.Panetta,
who succeeded Mr. GatesasU.S. de-
fense secretary, argued that alks
should continue and thatthe goal, as be-
fore, should betokeepaforceof up to
10,000.
On Aug. 13,Mr.Obama settled the
matterinaconference call in which he
ruled out the 10,000 troop option and a
smaller 7,000 variant. Thetalks would
proceedbut the size of the forcethe
UnitedStatesmight keepinIraqwas re-
duced: The new goal would be acon-
tinuouspresenceofabout 3,500 troops, a
rotating forceof up to 1,500 and half a
dozenF-16 fighterjets.
But therewas no agreement. Some
expertssaythat given the Iraqis’ con-
cerns about sovereignty, and Iranian
pressure, the politicians in Baghdad
were simply not prepared to makethe
hard decisions thatwere needed to se-
cure parliamentary approval.Others
say the Iraqis sensed theAmericans’
ambivalence and were being asked to
makeunpopular political decisions fora
modest military benefit.
On Oct. 21,Mr.Obama held another
videoconferencewith Mr.Maliki — his
first such discussion sincethetalks
beganinJune. The negotiations were
over, and all of theU.S.troops would be
coming home.
TheWhite House insisted thatthe col-
lapseof thetalks was not asetback.
‘‘As we reviewed the 10,000 option,we
cametothe conclusion that achieving
the goal ofasecurity partnership was
not dependenton the size of ourfoot-
print in-country, and that stabilityin
Iraq did not depend on the presenceof
U.S. forces,’ ’ asenior U.S.official said.
It is too soon to fully assess that pre-
diction. But tensions have increased to
the pointthatMr. Barzani has insisted
thatMr.Maliki be replaced and Iraq’s
only Sunni vice president has fled to
Turkey to avoid arrest.
Without U.S. forces to train and assist
Iraqi commandos,AlQaeda inMesopot-
amia,the homegrownQaeda affiliate in
Iraq, is still active in the country and in-
creasingly involved in Syria.
WithnoU.S. aircrafttopatrol Iraqi
airspace, Iraq has become acorridorfor
Iranian flights of military supplies to the
Syrian governmentof President Bashar
al-Assad,U.S.officials say. It is also apo-
tential avenue foranIsraeli strikeon
Iran’snuclear installations, something
theWhite House is seeking to avoid.
This article is adapted from ‘‘The End-
game: The Inside Story of the Struggle
for Iraq, fromGeorge W. Bush to Barack
Obama,’’ by Michael R. Gordon and re-
tired Lt. Gen. Bernard E. Trainor, to be
published on Tuesday.
BYMICHAEL R. GORDON
The requestwas an unusual one, and
President Barack Obama himself made
the confidential phone call
to Jalal
Talabani,the Iraqi president.
Mr.Obama asked Mr. Talabani, acon-
summate political survivor ofyears of
upheaval in Iraq,togive up the presi-
dency. Itwas Nov. 4, 2010, and the
UnitedStateshoped thatAyad Allawi
would takeMr. Talabani’s place.
Under Mr.Allawi, asecular Shiite and
the leader ofabloc withbroad Sunni
support, theObama administrationcal-
culated, Iraq would have amore inclus-
ive government and would counter the
worrisome drifttoward authoritarian-
ism under PrimeMinisterNuri Kamal
al-Maliki.
But Mr.Obama did not succeed.
‘‘They were afraid whatwould hap-
penifthe different groups of Iraq did not
reach an agreement,’’ recalled Mr.
Talabani, who rned own Mr.
Obama’srequest.
Mr.Obama has pointed to thewith-
drawal of U.S.troops fromIraqasproof
that he has fulfilled his promisetoend
the Iraq war. But winding downacon-
flict, itturns out, entails far morethan
extracting troops.
In the caseofIraq,theU.S. goal has
been to leave astable and representa-
tive government, to avoid a power vacu-
um that neighboring states and terror-
istscould exploit and to maintain
sufficient influence sothat Iraq would
be a partner,orat a minimumnot an op-
ponent, in theMiddle East.
But theU.S. government has fallen
shortofsomeof thoseobjectives.
The attempt byMr.Obama and his se-
nior aides to fashionanextraordinary
power-sharing arrangement between
Mr.Maliki and Mr.Allawinevermateri-
alized. Nor did an agreementthatwould
have kept a small U.S. force in Iraq to
train the Iraqi military and to patrol the
country’s skies.Aplan to useU.S. civil-
ians to train the Iraqi police has been
severely cut back. The result is an Iraq
that is less stable domestically and less
reliable internationally than theUnited
States had envisioned.
The story of theseefforts has received
little attentionintheUnitedStates, a
country that is weary of the conflict in
Iraq, and U.S.officials have rarely
talkedabout them. This account is based
oninterviews with many of the prin-
cipals, inWashington and Baghdad.
White Houseofficials portray their
exit strategy as a success, asserting
thatthe number ofcivilian fatalitiesin
Iraq is low compared with2006,when
the Iraq war was at itsheight. Politics,
not violence, has becomethe principal
means for Iraqis to resolve their differ-
ences,theysay.
‘‘Recent newscoverageofIraqwould
suggestthat as our troops departed,
American influencewentwith themand
our administration shifted ts ocus
away fromIraq,’ ’ Antony Blinken, na-
tional securityadviser to VicePresident
Joseph R. BidenJr., said inMarch. ‘‘The
fact is,our engagementshave in-
creased.’ ’
To many Iraqis,theUnitedStates’ in-
fluence is greatly diminished. ‘‘Ameri-
can policy is very weak,’ ’ said Fuad
ANDREA BRUCE FOR THE NEWYORK TIMES
In 2011, the White House sought an agreement that would enable U.S. forces to stay in Iraq beyond that year, but talks collapsed, ending hopes for a continued U.S. military presence.
Hussein,the chief ofstaff to Massoud
Barzani,the presidentof the semi-
autonomousKurdish regioninnorthern
Iraq. ‘‘It is not clear to ushow theyhave
defined their interestsinIraq,’ ’ Mr. Hus-
sein said. ‘‘Theyare picking events and
reacting on the basis of events. That is
the policy.’ ’
CAMPAIGNVS. REALITY
Asapresidential candidate in 2008,Mr.
Obama had one basic position onIraq:
Hewas going to bring a ‘‘responsible
end’’ to the conflict. He vowed to re-
move all U.S. combat brigades within 16
months, adeadlinethatenabled him to
outflank his main rival in the Democrat-
ic primary, Hillary Rodham Clinton, but
thatthe military said was too risky.
Once in office, he adjusted the sched-
ule for withdrawing a U.S. presence in
Iraq, keeping U.S. brigades in place
longerbut making their primary mis-
sion to advise Iraqi forces.
All U.S. forcesweretoleave Iraq by the
end of2011,the departure date set in an
agreement signedbyPresident George
W. Bush and Mr.Maliki in 2008. Evenso,
Mr.Obama leftthe door open to keeping
U.S.troops in Iraq,totrain Iraqi forces, if
an agreement could be negotiated.
The situation theObama administra-
tion inherited was complex.Many Iraqi
politicians wereworried thatMr.Ma-
liki, a Shiite, was amassing too much
power and overstepping the Iraqi Con-
stitution by bypassing the formal mili-
tary chain ofcommand and seeding in-
telligence agencies withloyalists. Those
concerns mounted with the political
gridlock that plagued Baghdad after the
elections of March 2010.
Convening a videoconferenceon Oct.
6, 2010, Mr. Biden and other U.S.officials
reviewed theoptions. He favored a plan
thatwould keep Mr.Maliki as prime
ministerbut that involved installing his
main rival,Mr.Allawi, leader of the Ir-
aqiya bloc, near thetop of the political
pyramid.
Tomakeway forMr.Allawi,Mr. Biden
suggested thatMr. Talabani, an ethnic
Kurd, be shiftedfrom the presidency
and givenanotherposition. ‘‘Let’smake
him foreign minister,’ ’ Mr. Biden said,
according to the notes of the meeting.
‘‘Thanks a lot, Joe,’’ Mrs. Clinton said,
noting thatMr. Biden had castthe For-
eignMinistry as a consolation prize.
Concernedabout the need to seat an
Iraqi government, Mr.Obama decided
not to opposeMr.Maliki as primeminis-
ter while pursuing a deal thatwould
bring Mr.Allawi and othermembers of
his Iraqiya blocinto the fold. But engi-
neering a power-sharing arrangement
was not easy.After Mr. Talabani re-
buffed Mr.Obama’srequest, theWhite
House decided to go around him.
Inaletter to Mr. Barzani,Mr.Obama
again argued thatMr. Talabani should
give up the presidency and highlighted
the help thattheUnitedStates would
continue to providetothe Kurds. But
Mr. Barzani rejected the proposal, com-
plaining that hewas being asked to
solve aproblembetween Shiite and
Sunni Arabs attheexpenseof
forces to stay in Iraq beyond 2011.
The firsttalks U.S.officials had were
among themselves. Saudi Arabia and
other Arab states had toldPentagon offi-
cials they wereworried thattheUnited
States was pulling back from the region.
Adm.MikeMullen,the chairman of
theU.S. Joint Chiefs ofStaff, and De-
fense Secretary RobertM. Gates
favoredleaving 16,000 troops to train
the Iraqi forces, preparethem to carry
out counterterrorism missions, protect
Iraqi airspace, tamp down Arab and
Kurdish tensions and to maintain U.S.
influence in the region.
But theWhite House, which was wary
of big military missions and also looking
ahead to Mr.Obama’sre-electioncam-
paign, hadalowernumber in mind.Ata
meeting on April 29, Thomas E. Donilon,
Mr.Obama’snational securityadviser,
askedMr. Gateswhetherhe could accept
up to 10,000 troops.Mr. Gates agreed.
ANOTHEROBSTACLE
In a videoconference meeting with Mr.
Maliki onJune 2,Mr.Obama empha-
sized that any agreementwould need to
be ratifiedbythe Iraqi Parliament. But
not everybody in theU.S. camp agreed
with this stipulation.
Brett H.McGurk, an aide in the ad-
ministration ofGeorgeW.Bush whom
theObama administration had asked to
the
Kurds.
TheUnitedStates had a fallback posi-
tion: anew council onstrategic policy
would beestablished,with Mr.Allawiin
charge. But Mr.Maliki and Mr.Allawi
wrangled over what powers the new
council would have, and itwas never
formed.
Some members of Mr.Allawi’s party
securedprominent government posts.
But the most important featurethe
White House had sought inapower-
sharing arrangementexisted only on
paper. TheWhite House, aspokeswom-
an said, had not been‘‘wedded’’ to any
specific option and had achieved an ‘‘in-
clusive government.’’
INTERNAL DEBATES
As the process offorming a new Iraqi
government dragged on,theObama ad-
ministrationbeganinJanuary 2011 to
turn itsattention to negotiating an
agreement hatwould enableU S.
BRIEFLY
Asia
Pakistani offic
ial offers bounty over video
ISLAMABAD
ber of the coalitiongovernment. The
prime minister, he said,will ‘‘try to
work something out with him.’ ’
An Obama administration official,
who spokeon the condition ofanonym-
ity, said he did not wanttocommentun-
til he knew more about the contextof
the comments. The bounty offercame
during widespread criticism of the gov-
ernment, which declaredapublic holi-
day on Friday to prepare for what it
hoped would be peacefulprotests, call-
ing it a‘‘dayoflove for theProphet
Muhammad.’ ’
‘‘Pakistanwas truly leaderless onFri-
day,’ ’ said Maleeha Lodhi, aformeram-
bassador to theUnitedStates. ‘‘By ced-
ing spacetothe mob,the government
actually joined the mob.And these
stroyedproperty that includedafilm
theaterbelonging to Mr. Bilour’sbroth-
er Aziz.
‘‘It is not for us to destroy ourcountry
and our ownpoorpeople,’’ said Mr. Bil-
our’s aide, Zulfikar Ahmed,explaining
the rationale for the bounty. ‘‘That’s
why he said this.’ ’
Yet Mr. Bilour’s party has suffered
many attacks at he hands of the
Taliban,which has killeddozens of his
partycolleaguesinrecent years.
Pakistan Railways,the state-owned
company thatMr. Bilourpresides over,
is deeply in debt and itsperformance
has been markedbyfrequent strikes,
poorservice and train crashes — a fact
to which some irate Pakistanis referred
in comments onsocial media after the
reward was announced.
Fresh protests, albeit peaceful ones,
continued. Several thousand people, in-
cluding hundreds of women, marched
outsideParliament in Islamabad, chant-
ing, ‘‘Punishment for thosewho humili-
ated ourprophet.’’ In Lahore, hard-line
Islamist groups gathered outsidethe
U.S. Consulate.
Protestscontinued elsewhere as well.
In Bangladesh onSunday, schools and
businesses were closed and transporta-
tion was disrupted across the country
as hard-line Islamist groups enforceda
general strike. But noviolencewas im-
mediately reportedduring the strike.
In FranceonSaturday, acourt con-
victed a man for carrying a weaponat
an illegal demonstrationinfrontof the
U.S. Embassy protesting thevideo, The
A.P. reported. The man, a24-year-old
converttoIslam,was sentenced to
three months in prison.
In central Athens onSunday, hun-
dreds of Muslims gathered to protest
thevideo, TheAPsaid. The protesters
chanted‘‘All we have isMohammad’’ as
theyprepared to march to theU.S. Em-
bassy. Therewere briefmoments of ten-
sion whensome demonstrators hurled
bottlesatthe police, who responded
with tear gas.
Julfikar Ali Manik contributed reporting
fromDhaka, Bangladesh, and Eric
Schmitt fromWashington.
Cabinet minister says he
will give $100,000 for
killing of the filmmaker
KATMANDU, NEPAL
Avalanche on high peak kills
at least 9, and 6 are missing
Anavalancheon a high Himalayan
peak in Nepal left at least nine climbers
dead and six missing onSunday,offi-
cials said.Many of the climbers were
French orGerman, and at leastone
was Spanish.
A policeofficial said thatthe bodies of
aNepalese guide and a German man
had beenrecovered and that rescue pi-
lots had spottedseven otherbodies on
the slopes of MountManaslu, the
world’s eighth-highest mountain. The
Spanish ForeignMinistry said oneof
those killed was Spanish but did not re-
leasethe person’sidentity. The identit-
ies of theother victims were still being
confirmed.
Ten other climbers survived the ava-
lanche, but many were injured and
were flown to hospitals by rescue heli-
copters,the policeofficial said.
(AP)
JAKARTA
Police arrest 10 suspected
of planning suicide attacks
An elite Indonesian anti-terrorism
squad has arrested10 Islamic militants
and seizedadozenhomemade bombs
fromagroupsuspected of planning sui-
cide attacks against securityforcesand
the government, the police said Sunday.
Eightwere arrested onSaturday in
Solo, a towninCentral Java Province,
and a ninthinWest Kalimantan,on the
island ofBorneo, anational police
spokesman said. He said a 10thsuspect
was arrested onSundayinSolo.
The spokesman said the group had
planned to bomb Parliament, shoot po-
liceofficers and attack members of the
anti-terrorism squad as partof a plan to
establish Shariah in Indonesia,the
world’smost populous Muslim-major-
itynation.
(AP)
BY DECLANWALSH
APakistani cabinet minister has offered
a$100,000 reward for the death of the
personbehind the anti-Islam video
made in theUnitedStates that has
angered Muslims around theworld,
evensuggesting that Taliban and Qaeda
militantscould carry out the killing.
Theofficial, Ghulam Ahmad Bilour,
thePakistani railroad minister, said at a
newsconferenceonSaturday in the
northern city of Peshawar that hewould
personally finance abounty aimedat
the maker of thevideo, which is a crude,
low-budget production that denigrates
theProphet Muhammad.
Mr. Bilour acknowledged that incite-
menttomurder was illegal but said he
was ‘‘ready to be hangedinthe nameof
theProphet Muhammad.’ ’ And he in-
vited the Taliban and AlQaeda to be
‘‘partners in this noble deed,’ ’ newsre-
ports said.
His statementscame adayafter vio-
lent protests paralyzed Pakistan’s
largest cities, leaving 23 people dead
andmorethan 200wounded, and invited
fresh criticismof the government’s han-
dling of the crisis.
A senior aidetoMr. Biloursoughtto
qualify his comments, saying their pur-
posewas to channelfrustration and an-
geraway fromPakistan’sstreets and to-
ward the filmmakerintheUnited
States.
But in Islamabad,the government
distanceditself from the comments.
‘‘We completely dissociate ourselves
from the statementof Mr. Bilour,’ ’
Shafqat Jalil, press secretary to Prime
Minister Raja Pervez Ashraf, said in an
interview afterseveral hours of silence
from the government.
Mr. Jalil added thatthe prime minis-
ter had been trying to contactthe leader
of Mr. Bilour’s party, a minoritymem-
What Makes China...
Chinese?
A special
China Connect InTheCity
evening
with Tom Doctoroff, Ceo JWT North Asia, author of
NARINDER NANU/AFP
Ghulam Ahmad Bilour acknowledged that
his incitement to murder was illegal.
statements only reinforce how playing
to the gallery has very dangerouslong-
term consequencesfor the country.’ ’
Mr. Bilour did not namethetarget of
his bounty, but itwas widely presumed
to be Nakoula BasseleyNakoula, 55,
who lives in California and has been
linked to the 14-minute video, described
as a trailerforamovietitled ‘‘Innocence
of Muslims.’ ’
Mr. Nakoula has not confirmedre-
ports of his involvement, but he has
beenquestionedbythe police near his
home, south ofLos Angeles.
In Pakistan,Mr. Bilour’s offer was
takenmore asapieceofpolitical grand-
standing than as a serious threat. A day
earlier, at least six people diedduring
protestsinPeshawar, and rioters de-
PARIS, Monday 8 October 2012 at 5.30pm
Conference-Discussion, Cocktail
More information: www.chinaconnect.fr
@ChinaConnectEU
In partnership with:
  [ Pobierz całość w formacie PDF ]

  • zanotowane.pl
  • doc.pisz.pl
  • pdf.pisz.pl
  • zolka.keep.pl

    		•