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DESIGNINGFUN
CREATIONS
THATAMUSE
PAGE10
|
CULTURE
SAFETYFIRST
FACINGFEARAT
U.S.CAMPUSES
PAGE7
|
EDUCATION
TAKETWO
NARROWINGTHE
FOCUSAT SONY
PAGE20
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BUSINESS WITH
....
THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
MONDAY,MAY 20,2013
GLOBAL.NYTIMES.COM
Aspressure
rose,H&M
movedon
workersafety
China’sarmy
issuspected
ofrenewing
cyberattacks
STOCKHOLM
WASHINGTON
Largestbuyerofclothes
fromBangladeshwaskey
toindustry-widedeal
After hiatus,hacker unit
seemsto betargeting past
victims, mainly inU.S.
BYLIZALDERMAN
Foraglobalretailer,itwastheworst
kindofpublicity.
TwoweeksaftertheRanaPlazabuild-
inginBangladeshcollapsedinoneof
theworstindustrialdisastersinhistory,
abrashhumanrightsadwentviral.It
pairedasmilingphotoofthechiefexec-
utiveofH&M,theSwedishretailerthat
istheworld’slargestbuyerofclothes
fromBangladesh,withapictureofan
anguishedwomanattheRanarubble.
Theheadline:‘‘EnoughFashionVic-
tims?’’
Itdidnotmatterthatnoclothespro-
ducedbyH&Mhadbeenfoundamong
thetwistedmetalandbrokenconcrete
asthedeathtollrosebeyond1,000.The
refusalofabigSwedishnewspaperto
printtheadsimplyaddedtothenotori-
etyastheadvertisement,bytheinter-
nationalhumanrightsgroupAvaaz,cir-
culatedonline.
‘‘Theyfeltitwastootough,’’saidAlex
Wilks,thecampaigndirectorofAvaaz
inNewYork,saidofH&M.‘‘Butour
feelingwasthisisareallytoughtopic.
Lotsofpeoplelosttheirlives,soit’s
worthescalatingthediscussions.’’
IninterviewslastweekH&Msaid
thattheAvaazadhadnoinfluenceonits
thinking,andthatthecompanyhad
alreadybeenmakingeffortstogetother
retailerstojoinitinimprovingthe
safetyoffactoriesusedbyitssuppliers.
ButitwasclearthataftertheRanadis-
asteronApril25,pressurewasmount-
ingonthecompany,whichsold¤17bil-
lion,or$21.8billion,of‘‘cheapchic’’
clothingandaccessorieslastyear,to
makegoodonpastpromisestohelpim-
provelaborconditionsinBangladesh.
H&M’sFacebookpage,adornedwith
photosofBeyoncéinbikinismadein
Bangladeshandotherlow-wagecoun-
tries,wasbecominglitteredwithcus-
tomercommentscallingforthecom-
panytosignalandmarkagreementto
reducedangerousworkplaceconditions
attheBangladeshifactorieswhereits
clothesareproduced.Anonlinepetition
circulatedbyAvaaz,callingforthesame,
gatheredmorethan900,000signatures.
Andinfluentialretailunions,whichhad
longpushedH&Mandothercompanies
tostepuptheirinvestmentsinsafety,
startedturninguptheheatthrough
phonecallsandSkypevideochatswith
H&Mofficials, includingHelena
HelmerssonandAnnaGedda,whohead
upthecompany’s‘‘sustainability’’ef-
forts—programsmeanttoimprovethe
laborconditionsandminimizetheenvi-
ronmentalimpactofclothingproduction.
Meanwhile,H&Mwastryingtoper-
suadesomeoftheotherbiggestclothing
retailers,includingitsmainrivals,to
stepforwardtogetherontheissue.
Finally,lastMonday,H&Mdecidedto
maketheleaponitsown.Itbecamethe
firstmajorEuropeancompanytoagree
toadealthat,forthefirsttimeever,
wouldlegallybindmajorretailerstoin-
BYDAVIDE.SANGER
ANDNICOLEPERLROTH
Threemonthsaftercomputerhackers
workingfortheprimarycyberunitof
thePeople’sLiberationArmyofChina
wentsilentamidevidencethatthey
werebehindthetheftofdatafrom
scoresofAmericancompaniesandgov-
ernmentagencies,theyappeartohave
reconstitutedthemselves,resumingat-
tacksagainstthesametargetsusingdif-
ferenttechniques,accordingtocom-
puterindustrysecurityexpertsand
intelligenceofficials.
TheObamaadministrationhadbet
that‘‘namingandshaming’’thegroups,
firstinindustryreportsandtheninthe
Pentagon’sowndetailedsurveyof
Chinesemilitarycapabilities,might
promptChina’snewleadershiptocrack
downonthemilitary’shighlyorganized
teamofhackers—oratleasturgeitto
becomemoresubtle.
ButUnit61398,whosewell-guarded
tallwhiteheadquartersontheedgesof
Shanghaibecamethesymbolofnew
Chinesecyberpower,isbackinbusiness
afterabriefhiatus.Theunit,according
toareportbytheprivatesecurityfirm
MandiantthatwasconfirmedbyU.S.of-
ficials,appearstobethepowerbehinda
hackinggroupcalledCommentCrew
thatwasresponsibleforscoresofthefts
ofintellectualpropertyandgovernment
documentsoverthepastfiveyears.
Mandiantwouldnotnamethegroup’s
currentvictims,citingnondisclosure
agreementswithitsclients,butsaid
thattheunit’svictimswereunchanged.
Inthepast,thegrouphasstolenproduct
blueprints,manufacturingprocesses,
clinicaltrialresults,pricingdocuments,
negotiationstrategiesandotherpropri-
etaryinformationfrommorethan100of
itsclients,predominantlyintheUnited
States.
Thegroupwasresponsiblefora2009
attackonCoca-Colathatcoincidedwith
thecompany’sfailedattempttoacquire
theChinaHuiyuan-JuiceGroup.In2011,
ittargetedRSA,amakerofdatasecuri-
typroductsusedbyU.S.government
agenciesanddefensecontractors,andit
usedtheinformationitgleanedfrom
thatattacktobreachLockheedMartin.
Morerecently,theunittookaimata
moretroublingtarget:companieswith
accesstothenation’spowergrid.In
September,itsuccessfullybrokeinto
theCanadianarmofTelvent,thecom-
panynowownedbySchneiderElectric,
whichkeepsdetailedblueprintson
morethanhalftheoilandgaspipelines
inNorthAmerica.
‘‘Whatwesawwasthattheydialedit
backforafewweeks,’’saidKevinMan-
dia,thepresidentofMandiantCorpora-
tion,whichwrotethemostextensiveof
PHOTOGRAPHSBYANDREABRUCEFORTHENEWYORKTIMES
AjourneyacrossPakistanpresentsakaleidoscopeofimages:deeplytroublingscenes,jaw-droppinglandscapesandthemundane,likethistrainstationinthemiddleofthecountry.
Electricityshortagesofupto18hoursperdayhaveledtotheuseofkerosenelamps,as
atthistrainstationinRuk.Theyhavealsocrippledindustryandstokedpublicanger.
AstationbuiltbytheBritishin1881inRawalpindi.Thestate-ownedtrainsystem,inher-
itedfromtheBritishatindependencein1947,helpedanewandfractiouscountrymesh.
DecadesofneglectcripplePakistanrails
resignedshrug.
RukStation,inthecenterofPakistan,
isadollhouse-prettybuilding,ringedby
palmtreesandricepaddies.Once,it
stoodatthejunctionoftwogreatPaki-
staniraillines:theKandaharStateRail-
way,whichracednorththroughthe
deserttotheAfghanborder;andanoth-
erthatswepteasttowest,chainingcit-
iesfromtheHinduKushmountainsto
theArabianSea.
Nowitwasaghoststation.Notrain
hadstoppedatRukinsixmonths,be-
causeofcostcuttingatthestate-owned
railservice,PakistanRailways,andthe
elegantstationstoodlonelyanddeser-
ted.Idlerailroadworkerssmokedinthe
shadows.Awaterbuffalosauntered
past.
Mr.Abroledthewayintohisoffice,a
high-ceilingedroomwithasilentgrand-
fatherclock.Pouringtea,hemopped
sweatfromhisbrow.Theafternoonheat
wasrising,andthepowerhadbeen
downfor16hours—nothingunusualin
Pakistanthesedays.
Oppositehim,FaisalImran,avisiting
railroadengineer,listenedsympatheti-
callytothemournfulstationmaster.
Thiswasaboutmorethanjusttrains—
morethanthedecrepitconditionofthe
once-mightystaterailroadservice,Mr.
Imransaid.ItwasaboutPakistanitself.
‘‘Therailwaysarethetrueimageof
ourcountry,’’hesaid,sippinghisteain
theheat.‘‘IfyouwanttoseePakistan,
seeitsrailways.’’
Forallthewondersitoffers,atrain
journeyacrossPakistan—acountryof
jaw-droppinglandscapes,steepedina
richhistoryandfilledwithunexpected
pleasures—alsopresentssomedeeply
troublingimages.
Ateverymajorstoponthelongline
fromPeshawar,inthenorthwest,tothe
turbulentportcityofKarachi,liere-
mindersofwhythecountryisaworryto
RUK, PAKISTAN
Broadnationalmalaise
isreflectedincollapse
ofonce-elegantsystem
BYDECLANWALSH
Resplendentinhisgleamingwhiteuni-
formandpeakedcap,jacketbuttons
tugginghisplumpgirth,thestation-
masterstoodattheplatform,waiting
foratrainthatwouldnevercome.‘‘Cut-
backs,’’NisarAhmedAbrosaidwitha
HACKING, PAGE4
SEEKINGCLUESONSYRIANHACKERS
IftheAssadregimeisdefinitivelylinked
tocybervandalism,foreigngovernments
maychoosetorespond.
FACTORIES,PAGE21
PAKISTAN,PAGE22
PAGE20
WORLDNEWS
Syriancitymayprovepivotal
ThefightforQusayrcoulddecidethe
fateoftheregimeandtherevolution,
loyalistsandopponentssay.
BUSINESS
Scottishbankperildebated
AnindependentScotlandcouldfindits
bankstoobigtorescueinacrisis,a
Britishgovernmentreportsays.The
Scottishfinancesecretarydismissed
thedocumentas‘‘adiscredited,feeble
attempttoundermineconfidencein
Scotland’sabilitytobeasuccessful
independentcountry.’’
VIEWS
ThomasL.Friedman
TheSyriandisasterislikea
superstorm.It’swhathappenswhenan
extremedrought,afast-growing
population,arepressiveandcorrupt
government,andsectarianand
religiouspassionscombine.
Obamaaideridestohisdefense
DanPfeiffermadeararecircuitofall
fivemajornetworksindefenseofthe
president’sgoverningstyle.
PAGE4
PAGE5
PAGE8
LeGrandJerryLewis
JerryLewis,ahystericalandwondrous
child,willgetatophonorattheCannes
FilmFestival.AgnèsC.Poirierexplains
whytheFrenchhavealwaysbeen
infatuatedwithLewis,whohasbeenfar
lessadoredinhisowncountry.
PAGE20
Aquietpushinboardrooms
TheassetmanagerBlackRock,amajor
shareholderinahugenumberof
companies,isnoactivistinvestorbut
stillhastremendousinfluence.Itquietly
analyzescorporategovernanceand
votesitssharesaccordingly.
PAGE8
ONLINE
ChinareachesoutinMyanmar
Withitsprojectschallengedmore
thaneverbyactivistsenergizedby
Myanmar’sdemocraticopening,China
hasbeentryingtorepairitstarnished
reputation,invillagesandinthe
countryatlarge.
PAGE21
LondonasE.U.financialsavior
IfEuropeistohaveahealthyfinancial
system,itneedstobuildupitscapital
markets,whichgivestheCity,London’s
financialdistrict,ahugeopportunity,
HugoDixonwrites.
PAGE24
global.nytimes.com/asia
LuxurytowerstakeNewYork
Ultraluxuryhousingisbooming
acrossManhattanandwarpingthelocal
real-estatemarket,makingitdifficultto
putupmoreaffordablestructures.
Abuildingunderconstructionon
ParkAvenuewillbethetallest
residentialbuildingintheWestern
Hemisphere,aswellasoneofthemost
expensive.
STEPHENMORTONFORTHENEWYORKTIMES
Relicofslavery
Aslavecabin,builtinthemid-1800sonEdistoIsland,SouthCar-
olina,isbeingreassembledinaSmithsonianmuseum.
SPORTS
Arsenalisinunderthewire
ArsèneWenger,asocceralchemistpar
excellence,maintainedhisunbroken
recordofqualifyingfortheChampions
Leagueforeachofhis17seasonsat
Arsenalashisteamedgedoutits
LondonrivalTottenhamHotspuronthe
finaldayoftheseasonintheEnglish
PremierLeague.
global.nytimes.com/us
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PAGE17
Reunion¤3.50
 ....
2
|
MONDAY,MAY20,2013
INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
PAGETWO
Distortions
thatcallfor
realaction
equaciesinLibya.ButRobertM.Gates,
whowasdefensesecretaryunderMr.
ObamaandPresidentGeorgeW.Bush,
isamongthosewhoassertthatonce
theattackbegan,therewasnowayU.S.
forcescouldhavepreventedthedeaths
ofAmbassadorJ.ChristopherStevens
andthreeotherAmericans.
ThesurreptitioussubpoenaofThe
A.P.’sphonerecordsisoutrageous.It
reflectsMr.Obama’sobsessionwith
preventingleaks;thisJusticeDepart-
menthasprosecutedmorewhistle-
blowers,includingjournalists,thanun-
dertheRepublicanattorneysgeneral
JohnMitchell,EdwinMeeseIIIand
JohnAshcroftcombined.
GoingbacktothetimeofHenryA.
KissingerandPresidentRichardNix-
on,suchobsessionsinvariablyproduce
moreproblemsthanbenefits.Yetcon-
gressionalRepublicanswerethedriv-
ingforcefortheleakinvestigations.
Thereisnodefenseforthetax
agency’stargetingparticulargroups
becauseoftheirperceivedideology.
Nonetheless,itisalsotruethatthetax
statusofmanyofthesegroups—onthe
leftandtherightalike—shouldbe
scrutinized,asmanymayfalselyclaim
theirpurposeistopromotesocialwel-
fare,notpolitics.Iftheirtaxstatusis
questionable,theI.R.S.hastoaskpolit-
icalquestions.
Therearedecideddownsidestotak-
inganyoftheseactions.Outsidecoun-
selsnotoriouslyspinoutofcontroland
outlasttheirpurpose.IfMr.Holderis
pushedout,theWhiteHousewouldface
anuglyconfirmationbattleoverhis
successor.Forcefulaction,however,is
theonlywaythepresidentcancounter
thesteadypartisanassaultsandget
backtotalkingabouthisagenda:immi-
gration,implementationoftheAfford-
ableCareAct,fiscalfairnessandback-
groundchecksforpurchasingguns.
Thetrade-offsarenotimpossible.
Outsidecounselcanactexpeditiously;
inthe1980s,theWashingtonlawyer
JacobA.Steintooklessthansix
monthstoinvestigateMr.Meese.Ifthe
misdeedsattheI.R.S.arelimitedtorel-
ativelylow-levelbureaucrats,suchan
inquiryshouldtakeevenlesstime.
Asfortheattorneygeneral,hiscredi-
bilityonthesehotissuesisgone.Asa
replacement,Mr.Obamamighthaveto
searchforafair-minded,moderateRe-
publican,andnoWhiteHousewantsan
attorneygeneraloftheoppositeparty.
Thatwouldbebetterthanthestatus
quo.
Whenitcomestotheleaks,thepresi-
dentshouldbesoberedbyaninterest-
ingnewbook,‘‘FightingforthePress:
TheInsideStoryofthePentagonPa-
persandOtherBattles.’’Theauthor,
JamesGoodale,servedascounselto
TheNewYorkTimesforthePentagon
Papers,thefamous1971caseinvolving
Nixon’sattemptstocensorthenews
media.‘‘Inmanyrespects’’onmedia
issues,Mr.Goodalewrites,‘‘President
ObamaisnobetterthanNixon.’’
Thisstoryisaconundrum.Thisis
themostscandal-freeadministrationin
recentmemory.Thewordscandalisa
misnomerforeachofthesethreedis-
tinctlydifferentmatters.
YetWashingtonworksasmuchon
perceptionasreality.Together,these
controversies—andespeciallythe
I.R.S.uproar—threatentodominate
allsummer,whichwouldpoliticallyim-
perilanysecond-termagenda.Last
week,thepresidentbegantoactmore
decisively.Democratsseethatasa
start.
(BLOOMBERGVIEW)
Albert R.
Hunt
LETTERFROMWASHINGTON
HereistheWhiteHouseviewofthe
currenttrilogyofso-calledscandals:
RepublicansaretryingtodestroyPres-
identBarackObama’ssecondtermby
magnifyingbureaucraticmiscuesand
distortingpolicyrealities.Thisisnot
withoutsomemerit.
Onnoneoftheseissues—thedeadly
debacleattheU.S.diplomaticoutpost
inLibya,theInternalRevenueSer-
vice’stargetingofconservativegroups,
ortheJusticeDepartment’ssecretand
sweepingseizureofAssociatedPress
phonerecordsinananti-leakscase—
isthereanysuggestionofwrongdoing
byMr.Obama.
RepublicanslikeLindseyGraham,
theusuallysensiblesenatorfrom
SouthCarolina,andDarrellIssa,the
gunslingingchairmanoftheHouse
OversightandGovernmentReform
Committee,areplayingpolitics.
Thecontroversiesarenevertheless
underminingthepresident;hisslow,
reactive,alternatelypassiveandcava-
lierresponsesareplayingintocritics’
hands.ExperiencedDemocratsoutside
theWhiteHousewantMr.Obamatobe
moreproactive,assertiveandforth-
righttosalvagehissecondterm.
Amongthebolderactionstheywant
himtoconsider:
•
AppointaspecialcounselintheI.R.S.
transgressions.Tapaknowledgeable
outsideroftheI.R.S.(say,formerTreas-
urySecretaryPaulO’Neill)toquickly
assembleasmallstafftosupplement
careerinvestigatorsattheJusticeDe-
partment,withatargetofafullreport
byOct.20.Thesefindings,unlikeanin-
quiryunderAttorneyGeneralEricH.
HolderJr.,wouldhavecredibility.
•
AcceptMr.Holder’sresignation.Afa-
voritetargetofRepublicans,theattor-
neygeneralnowhasfewfansamong
prominentDemocrats.Givenhisre-
cord,hisdeparturewouldbeimportant
substantivelyaswellassymbolically.
•
Abandonwidelydiscussedconsidera-
tionofmakingSusanE.Rice,whois
nowambassadortotheUnitedNations,
theheadoftheNationalSecurityCoun-
cilthisyear.Sheisnotresponsiblefor
Benghaziandhasbeenunfairlypilloried
bycriticslikeMr.Graham.Still,inher
fivenetworktelevisionappearancesim-
mediatelyafterthetragedy,shedis-
playedpoorjudgment.Whileheadofthe
N.S.C.isnotapostrequiringSenate
confirmation,appointingMs.Ricewould
renewthefirestorminthisscandal.
Tobesure,itisnotdifficulttounder-
standtheadministration’scomplaints
thatmanyofthesalientfactsinthese
controversiesareoverlooked.
ItisacanardtosayBenghaziisa
classiccaseofthecover-upbeingworse
thanthecrime.Therewasnocrime.
Therewereinexcusablesecurityinad-
THEASSOCIATEDPRESS
VORTEXOFDISCORD
Mazeprison,nearBelfast,in1971.Theprisonwasdestroyedin2000,leavingonlyasingleH-shapedcellblockwherethehungerstrikersspenttheirlastdays.
TheTroublesthatnevercease
thecoffinsofcomradesandfamily
membersmurderedbytheI.R.A.would
nowcountenanceashrinetotheI.R.A.
issuchanonsensethatitsaysmore
aboutthemotivationofthosewhoallege
itthanitdoesaboutus,’’saidJeffrey
Donaldson,anelectedrepresentativeof
arivalunionistparty.
Oneformerhungerstrikerwhosup-
portsthepeacecenter,PatSheehan,55,
contendsthatitsopponentsareguiltyof
overstatingthesymbolicimportanceof
thesitetorepublicans.
‘‘Thepeoplewhodiedarenotinthe
wallsorfloorsoftheH-blocks,’’hesaid.
‘‘Theyarealiveandwellinthehearts
andthoughtsofanothergenerationwho
havebeeninspiredbytheirsacrifice.’’
TheelectionofMr.SandstotheBrit-
ishParliamentweeksbeforehediedbe-
stowedapopulistlegitimacyonthe
I.R.A.campaignandeventuallypro-
pelledSinnFein, theorganization’s
politicalwing,topowerinthelocalas-
sembly.
‘‘Hisvictoryexposedtheliethatthe
hungerstrikers,andbyextensionthe
I.R.A.andthewholerepublicanmove-
ment,hadnopopularsupport,’’theSinn
Feinpresident,GerryAdams,saidof
Mr.Sands.
Mr.Sheehanwent55dayswithout
foodandwouldprobablyhavebeennext
todiehadtheprotestnotcollapsedun-
derpressurefromtheprisoners’famil-
ies.Atthetime,hisdoctorstoldhimhe
mightnotsurviveanywaybecauseof
thedamagehislongfastcausedtohis
liver.ButherecoveredandisnowaSinn
FeinrepresentativeinthelocalParlia-
ment.
Inarecentinterview,Mr.Sheehanre-
calledhisdecisionasa23-year-oldto
volunteerforthehungerstrike.
‘‘TheBritishsawusasthesoftunder-
bellyandbelievediftheycouldbreakus
itwouldbeacrushingblowtotheI.R.A.
struggle,’’hesaid.‘‘BobbySandsbe-
lievedhewasgoingtodie;thoseofus
whowentonhungerstrikeallbelieved
weweregoingtodie,andyouhadto
havetotaltunnelvisiontocopewiththat
decision—youcan’tletanythingim-
pinge.’’
Anotherformerhungerstriker,Ger-
ardHodgkins,54,spentnearlyhalfhis
adultlifebehindbarsatMazeandde-
scribedthefastastheonlyleverage
availabletotheprisoners.Inhissmall
westBelfastapartment,remindersof
hisprisondaysareallaround,including
imagesofthe10men,theirfacesfrozen
inperpetualyouth,oneverywall.
‘‘Ifigured,whatmorecantheydoto
us?’’Mr.Hodgkinsrecalled.‘‘Wehad
beentortured;welivedinalmosttotal
isolationfromtheoutsideworldina
brutalregime;weworeonlyblankets
andwerecoveredinourownfilthin
freezingcells.Somethinghadtogive,
andourchoiceswereverylimited.’’
SincetheGoodFridayAgreement,in
1998,anewindustryhassprungupin
Belfastasthousandsofvisitorsnowem-
barkonguided‘‘terrortours’’around
thenotoriousspotswhereatrocities
tookplace,takinginthepeacewallsand
thevividmuralscommemoratingthe
mainevents.
AfterMr.Libeskind’scenteropensin
2015,the15-mile,or24-kilometer,tripto
Mazeislikelytobeincludedasanevoc-
ativefinaletothetours.
Thebodyorganizedtoseetheproject
through,theMazeLongKeshDevelop-
mentCorp.,iseagertoplaydownthe
historyoftheprison,pointingoutthat
thesitehasalongandvariedpast.It
wasonceaRoyalAirForcebaseand
thenaracetrack.
Thecorporation’schairman,Terence
Brannigan,hasdescribedtheredevel-
opmentplans,andtheindustrialpark’s
promiseof5,000jobsforamoribund
economy,as‘‘anopportunitywesimply
cannotaffordtoignore.’’
‘‘Wehavealreadyhadsignificant
internationalinterestshownindevelop-
ingthesite,andweanticipatethatglob-
alinvestorswillbeexcitedaboutwhatis
anunprecedenteddevelopmentoppor-
tunity,’’Mr.Brannigansaid.
Butformostpeople,therealattrac-
tionwillnotbetheindustrialparkinten-
dedtolurehigh-techindustries,butthe
chancetoglimpsetheghostsofatrou-
bledpast.
Inastatementlastmonth,Mr.Libes-
kindsaid,‘‘Itistrulymeaningfulto
buildahope-filledcommonground,to
tellindividualstoriesandtodosoat
MazeLongKesh.’’
Criticsaredismissingsuchsenti-
mentsaswishfulthinking.
‘‘WhenagroupofIrish-Americans
turnupwithflowers,whowillcreatean
internationalincidentbytellingthem
theycan’tlaythemthere?’’saidMr.
Nesbitt,theUlsterUnionistPartylead-
er.‘‘Peoplemakeshrines,andIguaran-
teeyouthatwhateveranyonesays,this
placewillbecomeashrine.’’
MAZE, NORTHERN IRELAND
Efforttoturnprisonsite
nearBelfastintosymbol
ofreconciliationbackfires
BYDOUGLASDALBY
OnaquietcountryroadsouthofBelfast,
onlythesuddenappearanceofa
watchtowerandportionsofwallsoffer
anyhintofwhatwasonceEurope’s
mostnotoriousprison.Afterthelastin-
mateswalkedoutthegatesin2000,the
bulldozersmovedin,leavinglittleofthe
topsecurityfortressintact.
Theroadsignsandthebuildingsof
theoldMazeprisonhaveprovedfar
easiertoerasethanthevividmemories
oftheeventsthattookplacethere,par-
ticularlythe1981hungerstrikeinwhich
BobbySands,anIrishRepublicanArmy
leaderconvictedofafirearmscharge,
andnineofhiscomradesdiedinpursuit
oftherighttobetreatedaspoliticalpris-
onersratherthancriminals.
Now,15yearsaftertheGoodFriday
peaceaccordpavedthewayforthecon-
troversialearlyreleaseofhundredsof
paramilitaryprisoners—pro-British
unionistsaswellasrepublicansopposed
toBritishcontroloverNorthernIreland
—thesiteoftheoldprisonhasonceagain
becomeavortexofpoliticaldiscord.
Aftermorethanadecadeofinde-
cision,thepower-sharinglocalgovern-
mentrecentlyagreedtobuildacenter
devotedtothestudyofpeaceandcon-
flictresolutiononpartoftheoldprison
site,alongwithanindustrialparkfor
high-techcompanies.
The government commissioned
DanielLibeskind, thearchitectbest
knownforhisworkattheWorldTrade
CentersiteinNewYorkandtheJewish
MuseuminBerlin,todesignthecenter
toreflectthecomplexitiesofthecon-
flict,knownastheTroubles, that
claimedmorethan3,000livesover30
years.
Butinsteadofbeingembracedasa
powerfulsymbolofreconciliationanda
sharedfuture,theproposedpeacecen-
terhasalreadybecomemiredinthe
continuingdisputebetweenunionists
andrepublicansoverhowthestoryof
theTroubleswillbetold.
TheprototypedesignsMr.Libeskind
releasedthismonthhavebeeneclipsed
bythecontroversysurroundingthesite
itself,particularlythesingleremaining
H-shapedcellblockcontainingthesmall
hospitalwherethehungerstrikers
spenttheirlastdays.
Althoughthecellblockwillnotbepart
ofthenewcenter,somepro-Britishuni-
onistscontendthatthesitewillbecome
a‘‘shrinetoterrorism.’’
‘‘Thisisthemosttoxicanddivisive
sitethatyoucouldpossiblychoosefor
suchabuilding,’’saidtheleaderofthe
UlsterUnionistParty,MikeNesbitt.‘‘It
iscleartherewillbeanunduefocuson
theprisonersratherthantheirinnocent
victims.’’
Otherunionistswhohavesupported
theprojectinthelocalgovernmentas-
semblyhavedismissedsuchviewsas
‘‘scaremongeringrubbish.’’
‘‘Theideathatrepresentativeslike
myselfwhoputonauniformtofight
I.R.A.terrorismandwhowalkedbehind
pagetwo@iht.com
TOMORROW:
E-MAIL:
AlanCowellonjusticeand
expediencyinBritain’shandlingofthe
Litvinenkoaffair.
IN OUR PAGES
✴
100,75,50YEARSAGO
1913AmericaLosingTradeinChina
PEKING
Frenchmanwaswaitingforthefight.No
oneexpectseitherofthecontestantsto
behurt,but‘‘it’sanaffairofhonor,’’and
everyonewantstoknowwhosehonor
willbevindicated.Butthemainproblem
hasbeensolved.At11o’clockyesterday
M.Bernsteinsenthissecondstomeet
withthesecondsofM.Bourdet,adminis-
tratoroftheComédie-Française.Their
problemwastodeterminewhohadbeen
insulted.Mr.Bernsteinsaidhehadbeen
insultedbecauseM.Bourdethadfailed
toproducehisplay,‘‘Judith.’’M.Bour-
detclaimedthatM.Bernsteinhadbeen
unnecessarilyinsultinginhisdemand
fortheimmediateproductionoftheplay.
Concreteevidenceisathand
showingdiscriminationagainstAmeri-
canrailwaymaterial.AnAmericanfirm
learnedafewweeksagothatmaterial
for365freightwagonswasrequiredby
Chineserailways.Consentwasgivenre-
luctantlyforaquotationononehundred
wagons.Thepricequotedwasaslowas
thatoftheBritish,buttheBritishbid
wasaccepted,withoutconsideration
thattheAmericanofferwascheaperby
freightandinsurance.Theconsensusis
thatthesoundfoundationsforafuture
marketinChinaforAmericanmanufac-
turedgoodshavebeendestroyedbythe
President’schancepolicy,andthecon-
sequentwithdrawalfromChinaofthe
supportofthepowerfulgroupofAmeri-
canbankers,whoseeffortsweretending
towardtheultimateestablishmentof
AmericanenterpriseinChinaupona
footingofequalitywithotherPowers.
Theybelievethatfromdiplomacyofthis
kindnothingpracticalistobeexpected.
Asasubstitutefortheexcellentposition
nowabandoned,America’seffectivein-
fluenceinChinahasreceivedastagger-
ingsetback.
PHOTOGRAPHSBYPAULONUNESDOSSANTOSFORTHENEWYORKTIMES
HUNGERSTRIKESURVIVORS
PatSheehan,above,andGerardHodgkins,below, wereamong
theIrishRepublicanArmymemberswhotookpartinahungerstrikeattheprison.Someuni-
onistsworrythattheproposedpeacecenterwillturnthesiteintoa‘‘shrinetoterrorism.’’
1963U.S.707SetsMultipleRecords
MOSCOW
PresidentKennedy’sAir
Forcejettodaysetanonstopspeedre-
cordbetweenWashingtonandMoscow
andshattered14otherairrecords.The
$8millionBoeing707,carryingaten-
manpartyheadedbyAtomicEnergy
CommissionchairmanGlennT.Seaborg,
toucheddowneighthours38minutes
and42secondsaftertakeoff—thefast-
estflightevermadebetweentheU.S.
andtheSovietUnion.InterredwasaSo-
vietmyththattheU.S.lackedaplane
abletomakea5,000-milerunnonstop.
Theblack-nosedblueandwhitejet,pi-
lotedbyCol.JamesB.Swindal,46,of
FallsChurch,Virginia,madeitwithfuel
formorethantwohoursofflightremain-
ing,provingthatanydelaysinreaching
acommercialagreementarepolitical,
nottechnical.
1938Playwrights’DuelExpected
PARIS
HenryBernstein,thefighting
playwright,tookhisduelingmasterto
theroofofhisapartmenthouseyester-
day[May19]andpracticedforthree
hoursinpreparationforhisduelwith
EdouardBourdet,whichprobablywill
beheldthismorning.Lastnightevery
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MONDAY,MAY20,2013
|
3
THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
WorldNews
EUROPE
PersonaltouchinU.S.-Russiandiplomacy
Cameron
facesrising
turmoilfrom
theTories
WASHINGTON
Kerry andLavrovfind
commonpurposeover
theconflictinSyria
LONDON
BYSTEVENLEEMYERS
ANDDAVIDM.HERSZENHORN
WhenRussia’sforeignminister,Sergey
V.Lavrov,clashedoverSyrialastyear
withHillaryRodhamClinton,thenthe
secretaryofstate,hecalledherhyster-
ical,thesortofimpoliticremarkthat
showedjusthowsourtheirrelationship
hadbecome.
ThehardenedpositionsofRussiaand
theUnitedStatesoverSyriaandotheris-
sueshavenotchangedsignificantly
sincethen,butwithJohnKerryassuc-
cessorMrs.Clinton,thetoneatleasthas.
Despitefightafterfightinrecent
monthsovereverythingfromnewsanc-
tionstargetingRussianofficialsfor
rightsabusestothedetentionofan
AmericanEmbassyofficialthisweekon
chargesofespionage,thetwodiplomats
seemtohavefoundcommonpurposeon
oneofthemostintractabledisputesbe-
tweentheUnitedStatesandRussia:
Syria’scivilwar.
Theyhaverevivedtheprospectofane-
gotiatedsettlementinSyriathatwasfirst
proposedayearagobutthenabandoned
asthedeathtollfromthewargrimly
mounted—althoughmuchremainsun-
certain.Theyhavedonesowithgreater
comitythanMr.Lavrovevershowedto-
wardMrs.Clintonorherpredecessor,
CondoleezzaRice.Bothwomenhadfam-
ouslyfrostyrelationshipswithMr.Lav-
rovandPresidentVladimirV.Putin,
shapedinnosmallpartbytheRussians’
perceptionthattheUnitedStatesrelent-
lesslymeddlesintheircountry’sinternal
affairs.
Mr.Lavrovendedhoursoftalkswith
Mr.KerryinMoscowthismonthwitha
post-midnightdinnerattheForeign
Ministry’sguesthouseandatoasttothe
AmericanB-50Bbomberthatmadethe
world’sfirstnonstopflightaroundthe
worldin1949—withawineofthatyear’s
vintage.WhenaskedinSwedenlast
weekabouttheespionagescandal,Mr.
Lavrovpassedonthechancetoexcori-
atehiscounterpartwhileofficialsin
MoscowwereridiculingtheCentralIn-
telligenceAgencyasanorganization
trappedinColdWarhabits.
Sincethen,theyhavemanagedtocor-
ralgrowingsupportforameetingtotry
tonegotiateaSyriasettlement—most
likelytobeheldinGenevainJune—
evenasrelationsbetweentheUnited
StatesandRussiacontinuetolurchbe-
tweencooperationandconfrontation.
Thelatestdisputecameovernew
Americanintelligencewarningsthat
Russiawasshippingnewanti-shipmis-
silestoSyria,whichthechairmanofthe
JointChiefsofStaff,Gen.MartinE.De-
mpsey,saidFridaywas‘‘ill-timedand
veryunfortunate.’’
‘‘It’sattheveryleastanunfortunate
decisionthatwillemboldentheregime
andprolongthesuffering,’’hesaid.
TheUnitedNationssecretarygeneral,
BanKi-moon,metonFridaywithMr.
Putinandexpressedsupportforthe
He’s under fireonpolicy
over E.U.andafterally’s
reportedcomments
BYSTEPHENCASTLE
PrimeMinisterDavidCameron’slead-
ershipcameundergrowingcriticismon
Sunday,withoneseniorformerminis-
terassertingthatMr.Cameronhadlost
controloftheConservativePartyover
EuropeanpolicyandaCameronallyre-
portedlydescribinglocalactivistsas
‘‘swivel-eyedloons.’’
AfteravisittotheUnitedStateslast
weekwasovershadowedbypoliticaldi-
visionsbackathome,Mr.Cameron’sre-
turnwasgreetedbyabarrageofout-
spokencriticismfromthe former
cabinetminister,GeoffreyHowe,who
accusedtheprimeministerof‘‘running
scared’’ofeuroskeptics.
Partyworkers,meanwhile,havebeen
furiousaboutreportsthatacloseallyof
Mr.Camerondismissedrankandfile
Conservativesas‘‘mad,swivel-eyed
loons’’whowereforcingtheirlaw-
makerstotakefar-rightpositions.
Tomakemattersworse,Parliamentis
duetodebatemeasuresonMondayto
legalizesame-sexmarriage,astepthat
Mr.Cameronsupportsbutwhichthe
rightwingofhisparty,andmanyofits
localactivists,intenselydislike.
Apetitionfromseniorfiguresinlocal
ConservativePartyassociationsattack-
inghissupportforthebillwasgivento
10DowningStreet,theprimeminister’s
office,onSunday.
WritinginTheObserver,Mr.Howe,a
cabinetministerwhoseresignationin
1990precipitatedthedemiseofMar-
garetThatcher’spremiership,criticized
Mr.Cameron’splantorenegotiateBrit-
ishtieswiththeEuropeanUnion,ifheis
re-elected,thenholdareferendumon
membershipoftheblocin2017.
‘‘BymakingitclearinJanuarythathe
opposesthecurrenttermsofUnited
KingdommembershipoftheEuropean
Union,theprimeministerhasopeneda
Pandora’sboxpoliticallyandseemstobe
losingcontrolofhispartyintheprocess,’’
wroteMr.Howe,oneofadwindlingband
ofpro-EuropeanConservatives.
FABRICECOFFRINI/AGENCEFRANCE-PRESSE
HillaryRodhamClintoninGenevainJune2012,whenshewastheU.S.secretaryofstate,withForeignMinisterSergeyV. LavrovforameetingonSyria.Theirrelationshipwasfrosty.
workaccomplishedsofarbythetwodip-
lomats.‘‘Weshouldnotlosethismo-
mentumgeneratedbyMinisterLavrov
andSecretaryKerry,’’Mr.BansaidinSo-
chi,theBlackSeacitywheretheWinter
OlympicswillbeheldinFebruary.
Althoughhedidnotannounceadate
forconveningpeacetalks,headded,
‘‘Thereishighexpectationthatthis
meetingshouldbeheldassoonaspossi-
ble.’’
TheconspicuousshiftonSyriahas
benefitsforbothcountries.
IthasgivenRussiatheopportunityto
reassertitsviewofgeopolitics,arguing
againstinternationaleffortstoremove
undesirablegovernmentsfrompower,
astheUnitedStatesanditsalliesdidin
Libya.IthasalsoallowedtheObamaad-
ministrationtodefer,fornow,callsfor
theUnitedStatestoactmoreforcefully
tointerveneintheSyrianconflict.
Mr.Kerry’sfocusonRussiaandits
roleinSyriareflectsadecisionbythe
WhiteHousetopullrelationswithRus-
siabackfromthebrinkinPresident
BarackObama’ssecondterm.Thefirst
termincludedahoneymoonthatMrs.
Clintoncalledareset,whichledtore-
ductionsinnuclearweaponsandRus-
sia’sascensiontotheWorldTradeOr-
ganization,amongotherthings.
Tensionserupted,though,overthe
Arabspring,theoverthrowofLibya’s
houronthesidelinesofameetingofthe
ArcticCouncilthisweektoworkoutde-
tailsofthecomingnegotiationsover
Syria.Thefivemeetingsarethemost
Mr.Kerryhashadwithanyforeigndip-
lomat,exceedinghisfourwithTurkey’s
foreignminister,AhmetDavutoglu.
Mr.KerryandMr.Lavrov,according
tooneofficialfamiliarwiththeirex-
changes,havedevelopedarapport.In
Moscow,theybanteredabout‘‘theirmu-
tualloveforhockeyandthegraceofthe
olderschoolstyle.’’Thetwomenleft
theirdelegationsinsidetheForeignMin-
istry’sguesthouseandstrolledthrough
themansion’sgardens,engagingina
lengthy—attimesanimated—discus-
sionovertheexactwordingofthestate-
menttheyannouncedlaterthatnight.
MikhailV.Margelov,chairmanofthe
ForeignAffairsCommitteeoftheupper
chamberoftheRussianParliament,
saidthatRussia’spositiononSyriahad
beenconsistentandthatMr.Kerryhad
finallyacceptedit.
Mr.Kerry’sarrival,hesaid,hadhelped
therelationshipbetweenthetwocoun-
tries,buttheabilitytomovepastthespy
casehadaparallelinamutualexpulsion
ofdiplomatsafteranespionagescandal
in2001.ThatwasfollowedbyMr.Putin’s
cooperationwithPresidentGeorgeW.
BushaftertheattacksofSept.11.
‘‘Theworldhaschanged,’’Mr.
Margelovsaid.‘‘It’snotabipolarworld
anymore.Wearefacingmanythreats,
andmanyofthesamethreats.Weare
madetocooperate.’’
Mr.Kerry’stacticshavepoliticalrisks
athome,wheremanylawmakershave
calledfortheadministrationtoactfar
moreforcefullyonSyria.SenatorJohn
Barrasso, theWyomingRepublican
whoischairmanoftheSenateRepubli-
canPolicyCommittee,criticizedMr.
Kerry’s‘‘hat-in-hand’’triptoMoscow.
‘‘AskingRussiatosupportU.S.interests
inSyriaislikeaskingthefoxtoguard
thehenhouse,’’thestatementsaid.
Itremainstobeseenwhethereither
countrycangetthewarringpartiesto
thetableinGeneva,letalonetoagreeon
atransitiongovernmentinSyria,butof-
ficialsandanalystsinWashingtonand
Moscowsaidthejointeffortwasagenu-
ineattempttoresolveanincreasinglyin-
tractablecrisis.
‘‘It’snotsimplyanotherdiplomaticen-
gagementjusttoshowtheworldtheyare
pursuingasettlement,’’DmitriTrenin,
directoroftheCarnegieMoscowCenter,
whocloselyscrutinizesAmerican-Russia
relations,saidoftheKerry-Lavroveffort.
‘‘Ithinktheymeantoachievearesult.’’
‘‘We arefacingmanythreats,
andmanyofthesamethreats.
We aremadetocooperate.’’
dictator,Muammaral-Qaddafi,andulti-
matelyMr.Putin’sownreturntothe
presidencyinelectionswidelyde-
nouncedasundemocratic.
Mr.Putin,asacandidateandaspresi-
dentonceagain,adoptedstridentlyanti-
Americanviews.Afterthedisputedpar-
liamentaryelectionsof2011,heaccused
Mrs.Clintonofinstigatinglargeprotests
inMoscow.Russiasubsequentlyended
morethantwodecadesofcollaboration
withtheUnitedStatesAgencyforInter-
nationalDevelopment, labeledlegally
definednongovernmentorganizations
receivingAmericanassistanceas‘‘for-
eignagents’’;andaftertheUnited
StatesimposedsanctionsonRussianof-
ficialsundernewlegislationnamedafter
alawyerwhodiedinprison,SergeiL.
Magnitsky,itbarredadoptionsofRus-
sianchildrenbyAmericanparents.
AllofthoseactionshavemadeMr.
Kerry’spersonaloutreachtoMr.Lav-
rovevenmorestriking.Sincebeing
swornin,Mr.KerryhasmetwithMr.
Lavrovfivetimes—inBerlin,London,
Brussels,MoscowandKiruna,Sweden,
wheretheytalkedone-on-oneforan
JUSTINLANE/EPA
PrimeMinisterDavidCameronwasac-
cusedoflosingcontrolofhisparty.
DavidM.Herszenhornreportedfrom
Moscow.ThomShankercontributedre-
portingfromWashington.
Thecriticismechoestheanalysisof
commentatorswhosaythatsincemany
ConservativecriticsoftheEuropean
UnioninrealitywantaBritishexit,Mr.
Cameronhasbeenilladvisedtoappease
thembyofferingareferendum.Sinceno
concessionshortofwithdrawalislikely
tosatisfythem,theywillconstantlyde-
mandmore,theargumentruns.
Lastweek,morethan100Conserva-
tivelawmakersvotedforamotioncriti-
cizingthegovernmentfornotproposing
immediatelegislationtoenshrineMr.
Cameron’sreferendumpledgeinlaw.
Thathighlightstheextenttowhichhis
partyhasbeenalarmedbytheriseofa
populistanti-E.U.party,butitalsosug-
geststhatmanyeuroskepticConserva-
tivesdonottrustMr.Camerontodeliv-
eronhisreferendumpledge.
Mostdislikehiscoalitiongovernment
withtheLiberalDemocrats,themost
pro-EuropeanofBritain’spolitical
parties,andblameMr.Cameronforfail-
ingtowinanoutrightmajorityinthe
lastelectionin2015.
Whiletheaccusationofalossofcontrol
ofleadershipisdamaging,thedispute
overderogatorycommentsaboutparty
members,attributedtoanunnamed
Cameronally, touchesanotherraw
nerve.Withhiswealthybackgroundand
eliteeducation,Mr.Cameronisseenby
someasaloofandoutoftouch,apercep-
tionthathehasfueledbyappointingsev-
eraladvisersfromsimilarbackgrounds.
Severalnewspapers, includingThe
DailyTelegraph,whichleansConserva-
tive,quotedanunidentifiedseniorparty
figureasdeclaringtheparty’slaw-
makerswerebeingforcedintohard-line
viewsonEuropeandsame-sexmarriage
becauseofpressurefromlocalparty
members.
Itquotedthepersonassaying:
‘‘There’sreallynoproblem.TheM.P.’s
justhavetodoitbecausetheassoci-
ationstellthemto,andtheassociations
areallmadswivel-eyedloons.’’
AndrewFeldman,aConservative
Partyco-chairmanwhoisatennispart-
nerofMr.Cameronandwaslinkedto
thecommentsonsocialmedia,denied
makingtheremarks.TheDailyTele-
graphdidnotidentifythesourceofthe
quotation.
BRIEFLY
Europe
JewslefttowaitonSpanishcitizenship
Franceawaits
first‘marriage
forall’event
MADRID
BYRAPHAELMINDER
Sixmonthsafterannouncingasignifi-
canteasingoftheSpanishnaturaliza-
tionprocessforSephardicJews,the
governmentinMadridhasyettoputthe
rulesintopractice,leavingmanycit-
izenshipapplicantsfrustrated.
Thechange,announcedonNov.21by
theforeignandjusticeministers,was
presentedatthetimeasaconciliatory
gesturetowardSephardicJews,whose
ancestorswereexpelledin1492,oneof
thedarkestchaptersinSpanishhistory.
ForeignMinisterJoséManuelGarcía-
Margallosaidthetimehadcome‘‘tore-
coverSpain’ssilencedmemory.’’
Butthenaturalizationprocessisun-
changed,withnospecificdatesetfor
thepromisedoverhaultogointoeffect.
AspokeswomanfortheJusticeMin-
istrysaidthegovernmenthopedtoap-
provethereform‘‘soon’’aspartofa
broaderoverhaulofSpain’scivilcode.
SinceNovember,theJusticeMinistry
hasgrantedcitizenshipto20Sephardic
Jews,undertheexistingnaturalization
rules,with2,900Sephardiccitizenship
requestsunderreview,mostlyfiledbe-
foretheannouncement.
ThechangescalledforSpaintooffer
citizenshiptoanyJewwhoseSephardic
originscouldbecertifiedbytheFedera-
tionofJewishCommunitiesinSpain.
Theoverhaulremovedsomeonerous
requirements,includingtheneedforap-
plicantstorenouncetheircurrentcit-
izenship.
TheFederationofJewishCommuni-
tiessaidithadreceivedabout1,000cer-
tificationrequestssinceNovemberbut
hadbeenunabletoprocessanyofthem
untilthenewrulesbecameofficial.In
themeantime,thefederationiscreating
adatabankoftheclaimants.
CasaSefarad-Israel,astate-financed
agencycreatedbySpaintoreviveSeph-
ardicculture,saiditremainedconfident
PARIS
BRUSSELS
E.U.registersconcern
overhumanrightsinRussia
TheEuropeanUnioncriticizedRus-
sia’shumanrightsrecordSunday,say-
ingitwasincreasinglyconcerned
aboutawaveofrestrictivelegislation
andprosecutionsagainstactivists.
The27-nationbloccitedthecasesof
protestersarrestedatademonstration
ontheeveofPresidentVladimirV.
Putin’sinaugurationlastyearwhoare
stillawaitingtrial,andanewlawre-
quiringcharitieswithfinancingfrom
abroadtoregisteras‘‘foreignagents.’’
‘‘Bothsidesdiscussedatlengththe
worryingsituationofcivilsocietyinthe
RussianFederation,’’theEuropeanUn-
ionsaidinastatement,whichfollowed
ameetingonhumanrightswithRus-
sianofficialsinBrusselsonFriday.The
Kremlinhasdeniedcarryingouta
crackdownandsaysitdoesnotusethe
courtsforpoliticalends.
(REUTERS)
BYSTEVENERLANGER
TherushtowardFrance’sfirstsame-
sexmarriagehasofficiallystartedafter
PresidentFrançoisHollandesignedthe
‘‘marriageforall’’actintolawoverthe
weekend.
Themayorofthesoutherncityof
Montpellier,intendstoofficiateatthe
firstgaywedding,whichislikelytobeno
soonerthanMay29,becausebyFrench
lawanapplicationtomarrymustbefiled
atCityHall10daysbeforetheceremony.
‘‘Lovehaswonoutoverhate,’’the
mayor,HélèneMandroux,aSocialist
likeMr.Hollande,saidSaturday,when
thepresidentsignedtheact.Shehas
beenpressingforagaymarriagelaw
since2009,whilevoicingconcernsthat
thefirstsuchweddingcouldattractviol-
entprotestsalongwiththeinevitable
andengineeredpublicity.
VincentAutin,40,thepresidentof
LesbianandGayPrideMontpellier,and
hispartnerofsevenyears,Bruno,30,
areseekingtobethefirsttowedunder
thelaw.Brunoprefersnottoprovidehis
surnamebecauseheworksforthestate,
thoughthecouplehavebeenfeatured
ontelevision, innewspapersand
magazines.
Franceisthe14thcountrytolegalize
gaymarriage.IntheUnitedStates,the
Washington,D.C.,and12stateshave
legalizedsame-sexmarriage.
ForMr.Hollande,whoisridinglowin
theopinionpolls,thepassageofthelaw
overconsiderablepublicoppositionwas
asignificantvictory,givenhiscampaign
promisetolegalizegaymarriagewithin
thefirstyearofhisadministration.Sat-
urdayfellwithindaysofhisanniversary
inoffice,onMay15.
MENAHEMKAHANA/AGENCEFRANCE-PRESSE
ForeignMinisterJoséManuelGarcía-Margallo,right,inJerusaleminAprilatYadVashem,
theHolocaustmemorial.Hehassaidthatitistime‘‘torecoverSpain’ssilencedmemory.’’
thatthechangewouldtakeeffectbut
thatitcouldnotpredictordiscussatime
frame.
SeveralSephardicJewshaverecently
complainedaboutSpain’sfailureto
carryouttheoverhaul.Somesaidthey
hadsoughtinformationandhelpfrom
theauthoritiesinMadridandSpanish
diplomatsoverseas,tonoavail.
‘‘Thewaytheyhandlethesubjectis
verydisappointing,andinawayIfindit
insulting,’’saidJacobLevy,anIsraeli-
AmericanretireewhospeaksLadino,the
languageofJewsoriginatingfromSpain.
Mr.Levysaidhehadcontactedthe
SpanishConsulateinNewYorkandwas
toldthathemustrenouncehiscurrent
citizenshipifhewantedtoapplyfora
Spanishpassport.
RachelDeliaBenaim,anAmerican
student,saidshewasrelatedtothe
Toledanofamily,oneofSpain’smostil-
lustriousSephardicfamilies.Shesaid
Spainhadletherdowninhercitizenship
bid,attributingtheproblemtoeitherthe
country’sinabilitytoputpromisedlaws
intopracticeor‘‘resistancefromthe
Spaniardstoactualizetheirpromise.’’
Eitherway,shesaid,becomingSpanish
‘‘hasprovennoeasyfeat.’’
TheSpanishgovernment,meanwhile,
ispreparingtotightencriteriaforother
citizenshipapplicants.Underadraft
lawunveiledinMarch,futureapplic-
antswillberequiredtodemonstrate
Spanish-languageproficiencyaspartof
anewtest.
Duringadecade-longeconomicboom,
Spainaddedalmostfivemillionmi-
grants,increasingitspopulationtomore
than47million.Since2008andtheburst-
ingofthehousingbubble,however,
manyofthesemigrantshavejoinedthe
ranksoftheunemployedorreturned
home,whilejob-seekingSpaniardshave
alsoleftindrovestoseekworkoverseas.
In2012,Spain’spopulationdecreasedfor
thefirsttimein17years,includinga
dropof4percentinthenumberoffor-
eignersregisteredinSpain.
PARIS
Judgesdetainsuspect
linkedtoToulouserampage
Anti-terrorismjudgeshaveorderedthe
detentionofamanwhoissuspectedof
helpingagunmanprepareforashoot-
ingrampagelastyear,accordingtoa
judicialsource.
Thegunman,MohamedMerah,killed
fourJewsandthreesoldiersinand
aroundToulouseinMarch2012before
hewasshotandkilledbythepolice.
JudgesonSaturdayputtheman,who
hasnotbeenidentified,underformal
investigationtodeterminewhetherhe
helpedMr.Merahstealascooterthat
wasusedintheshootings.
(REUTERS)
....
4
|
MONDAY,MAY20,2013
INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
WORLDNEWS
MIDDLEEAST AFRICA UNITEDSTATES
Syriaassert
sitselfinacrucialcity
mainbackerofMr.AssadandHezbol-
lah, Shiite-ledIran, againstSunni
MuslimstatesandtheirWesternallies
thatsupporttheuprising.
Lebanesemediaandresidentsofthe
BekaaValleyborderingSyriahavere-
portedarecentincreaseinfuneralsof
Hezbollahfighterswhohavediedinthe
fightingaroundQusayr.Oneresident
describedLebaneseShiitesinthearea
asconcernedaboutrelativesrecently
deployedtoSyriabyHezbollah.
‘‘Theyaresoldiers—theyhaveto
go,’’theresidentsaid.Thoughmany
LebaneseShiitessupportMr.Assad
againstanuprisinginwhichSunniex-
tremistsplayanincreasingrole,thereis
quietconsternationthattheSyriancon-
flictisgrowingmorebloodyandthat
Hezbollahguerillasarebeingsentto
battlefellowArabMuslimsinacountry
wheretheyhavemanyties,ratherthan
fightingtheirprimaryfoe,Israel.
Perhapsseekingtoaddresssuchcon-
cerns,Hezbollah,whichdependsonMr.
AssadforitsconduitofarmsfromIran,
hasrecentlyacknowledgeditsmilitary
roleinSyriamoreopenly.
Forweeks,Hezbollah,whichisboth
Lebanon’smostpowerfulpoliticalparty
supportandammunitionfromGulf
countrieswasreachinginsurgentsin
Qusayr,butheaddedthatthegovern-
ment’s increasingcontrolofsupply
routesmadedeliverydifficult.‘‘Theyare
gettinghelp,’’theoppositionfiguresaid,
‘‘buttheothersideismuchstrongerand
betterequippedandtrained.’’
Qusayrresidentsreachedthrough
SkypeonSundaysaidthattheregime
hadshoweredthecitywithhundredsof
artilleryshells, flatteningdozensof
housesinanoperationthattheysaid
threatenedits‘‘completedestruction.’’
‘‘Thisisanaggressivecampaign,one
of theharshestandstrongeston
Qusayr,’’saidRamiAbdulRahman,di-
rectoroftheSyrianObservatoryforHu-
manRights,anoppositiongroupbased
inBritainthat trackstheviolence
throughanetworkinSyria.
Mr.Tarek,theactivistinQusayr,said
thatmorethan25,000civiliansre-
mainedinthecityasHezbollahfighters
andgovernmentforcestriedtostormit
fromthesouthandeast.
Syrianstatetelevisionsaidthegovern-
menthadprovidedasafecorridorforci-
vilianstofleethecity.Mr.AbdulRahman
saidtherouteledresidentstogovern-
ment-controlledareas,however, and
theyfearedprosecutionandtorture
there,especiallyafterthekillingsof
scoresofSunniMuslimsingovernment-
heldTartusProvinceearlythismonth.
‘‘Theywouldmassacrethemthere,’’he
said.
Activistssaidthatgovernmentforces
hadpreventedpeoplefromleaving.
‘‘Civiliansarebesieged,’’Tareksaid.
‘‘Nowaytogetthemout.’’
TheAlRainewspaperinKuwait
quotedaSyrianmilitaryofficialassay-
ingthatfamiliesofLebanesefighters
whohadjoinedtherebelsinQusayr
shouldpullthemoutwithin24hoursor
blameSunniimamsinnorthernLeba-
nonforsendingthemtodie.Hesaidthe
governmenthaddroppedflyersgiving
fighters24hourstoleaveortheroads
wouldbeclosed.
VideosfromQusayruploadedbyop-
positiongroupsshowedhelicopters
bombingadestroyedneighborhood.
Otherimagesshoweddeadbodieswith
bloodyfaceswrappedinwhitecloth.
Separately, theSyrianstatenews
agency,SANAreportedthattwocar
bombshaddetonatedinHomsProvince
nearablanketfactory,killingfour
peopleandinjuring13others.
BEIRUT
Hezbollah’sinvolvement
addsto fearsofregional
clashesandsectarianism
BYANNEBARNARD
ANDHALADROUBI
Syriangovernmentforces,backedby
Lebanesefightersfromthemilitant
groupHezbollah,pushedonSundayinto
partsofastrategiccityneartheLeba-
neseborderlongheldbyrebels,anad-
vancethatcouldrepresentaseriousset-
backforopponentsofPresidentBashar
al-Assad,anti-governmentactivistssaid.
Governmentforcespoundedthecity
ofQusayrwithairstrikesandartillery
salvos,killingatleast30peopleandfor-
cingresidentstoscrambleforcoverin
basementsandmakeshiftbunkers.
Bytheendoftheday,about60percent
ofthecity,includingthemunicipaloffice
building,wasinarmycontrolforthe
firsttimeinmonths,activistssaid.Syr-
ianstatetelevisionsaidthatthearmy
had‘‘tightenedthenooseontheterror-
ists,’’thegovernment’stermforits
armedopponents,byattackingfrom
severaldirections.
Thebattleforthecity,inthecentral
andheavilycontestedprovinceof
Homs,hasdeepenedtheinvolvementof
HezbollahintheSyrianconflict,raising
sectariantensionsandfearsofregional
conflagration.Thefightisviewedby
bothloyalistsandgovernmentoppo-
nentsasapotentialturningpointthat
could,inthewordsofoneactivistin
Qusayr,‘‘decidethefateoftheregime
andtherevolution.’’
‘‘Itisoneofthehardestdays,allover
Syria,’’saidTarek,theactivist,whogave
onlyafirstnameforsafetyreasons.‘‘If
Qusayrisfinished,itwillbetheendof
therevolutioninHoms.Itwilldecidethe
fateoftheregimeandoftherevolution.’’
Mr.Assad,accordingtopeoplewho
havespokenwithhim,believesthatreas-
sertingcontrolinHomsProvinceiskey
tocontrollingthestringofpopulation
centersinwesternSyriaandeventually
toopeningcampaignstoretakerebel-
heldterritoryinthenorthandeast.
Manyanalystssayitisunlikelythe
governmentwillbeabletoregaincon-
trolofthoseareas,butthatitcouldcon-
solidateitsholdonthewest,leadingtoa
defactodivisionofthecountry.
ThebattlehasbroughtHezbollah’s
roleinSyriatotheforefrontasthecon-
flictbecomesaregionalone,pittingthe
NAWFEL/THEASSOCIATEDPRESS
ViolenceeruptedonSundayinTunisafterthepolicepreventedthehard-lineIslamistgroupAnsaral-Shariahfromholdingarally.
Thegovernmentcould
consolidateitsholdonthe
west,leadingtoadefacto
divisionofthecountry.
Tunisianunresteruptsafterbanonrally
andamilitantgrouplistedbytheUnited
Statesgovernmentasaterroristorgan-
ization,hasfoughtalongsidetheSyrian
militaryandpro-governmentmilitiasin
villagesaroundQusayr.
Thesmallcity,closetotheborderwith
Lebanonandabout,160kilometers,or
100miles,northwestoftheSyriancapital,
Damascus,iscrucialtosupplyroutesfor
bothsides.Qusayrisaconduitforrebel
suppliesandfightersfromLebanon.It
alsolinksDamascuswiththeMediter-
raneancoastofSyriathatistheheart-
landofMr.Assad’sminorityAlawite
sect,whichprovidesasolidpartofhis
support.
TheSyriangovernmentappearstobe
tryingtoregainasmuchterritoryaspos-
sibleasawaytostrengthenitsnegotiat-
ingpositionwhileRussiaandtheUnited
Statestrytoorganizepeacetalksfor
nextmonth.
Rebelshaveissuedpleasforhelp,say-
ingtheyarerunningoutofammunition.
ASyrianoppositionfigurewithtiesto
theSaudigovernment,whospokeon
conditionofanonymity,saidSundaythat
Thepolicealsopreventedthegroup,
whichopenlysupportsAlQaeda,from
holdingasmallerreligiousmeetingin
Ettadamen,adistrictofthecapital,
Tunis.ClashesbrokeoutwithIslamists
whochanted,‘‘Theruleofthetyrant
shouldfall.’’Thestatenewsagency,
TAP, identifiedthedeadprotesteras
MoezDahmani,27.
Thepolicefiredteargasandshotsin-
totheairtodisperseabout500stone-
throwingprotesters,someofwhomset
firetocarsandloweredtheTunisian
flagandreplaceditwithablackQaeda
banner.
Busesandthesubwaystoppedwork-
ingandshopsintheneighborhoodwere
closed,whilemilitaryaircraftpatrolled
overhead.Clashesspreadtotwoother
areasofthecapital.
Tunisiawasthefirstcountryinthere-
giontostageanuprising,inspiringsim-
ilarrevolutionsinEgyptandLibyathat
becameknownastheArabSpring.The
newgovernmentisledbyamoderate
Islamistparty,Ennahda,buthard-line
Salafistsareseekingabroaderrolefor
religion,alarmingasecularelitethat
fearsthiscouldundermineindividual
freedoms,women’srightsanddemocra-
cy.
TheInteriorMinistrysaidFridaythat
ithadbannedthegatheringofAnsaral-
Shariah,‘‘whichhasshowndisdainfor
state institutions, incitedviolence
againstthemandposesathreattopub-
licsecurity.’’
PrimeMinisterAliLarayedhsaidSat-
urdaythatthegroupwaslinkedtoter-
rorism.Thesameday,theregionalarm
ofAlQaedaissuedastatementurging
Ansaral-Shariahtodefythegovern-
mentcrackdown.
TheSITEIntelligenceGroup,which
monitorsjihadiststatements,saidAl
QaedaintheIslamicMaghrebencour-
agedtheTunisianIslamiststocontinue
their‘‘goodsteps’’andbewareofpro-
vocationsbythegovernment.
Ansaral-Shariahsaidthepolicehad
arresteditsspokesmanSaifeddineRais,
butitwasnotclearwhereorwhen.Ase-
curityofficialconfirmedthathehad
beendetained.
Thegroup’s leader,SaifallahBe-
nahssine,alsoknownasAbuIyadh,isa
formerQaedafighterinAfghanistan
andiswantedbythepoliceinconnec-
tionwithanattackontheU.S.Embassy
inSeptember.Fourpeoplewerekilledin
thosedisturbances,whichbeganasa
protestoverafilmthatmockedthe
ProphetMuhammad.
InaseparatedevelopmentinKairou-
anonSunday,theInteriorMinistrysaid
awomanhadbeenarrestedforplacinga
feministbanneronthewallofamosque
andtryingtoexposeherbreasts.
TUNIS
Onedeathisreported
asprotestsfollowpolice
actiononhard-linegroup
REUTERS
Supportersofahard-lineIslamistgroup
clashedwiththeTunisianpoliceintwo
citiesonSundayafterthegovernment
banneditsannualrallyandtheregional
armofAlQaedaurgedthegroupto
standfirmagainsttheauthorities.
Violencebrokeoutinthecentralcity
ofKairouan,whererallywasexpected,
andinadistrictofTunis,wherethestate
newsagencysaidaprotesterdiedafter
clashingwiththepolice.Awitnesssaida
numberofpeoplewereinjuredinTunis.
TheIslamistgroup,Ansaral-Shariah,
isthemostradicaltoemergeinTunisia
sincePresidentZineel-AbidineBenAli
wastoppledin2011,andposesatestto
theauthorityofthemoderateIslamist
government.
InKairouan,wheretensofthousands
ofmembersofAnsaral-Shariahhad
beenexpectedtoattendtheplanned
rallyonSunday,thegroup’ssupporters
threwstonesatpoliceofficers,whofired
teargasinresponse.
HalaDroubireportedfromRiyadh.
HwaidaSaadcontributedreporting
fromBeirut.
Chinasuspectedofrenewingcyberattacks
London,October1-2,2013
InterContinentalParkLane
thespokeswomanfortheNationalSe-
curityCouncil,saidthat‘‘whatwehave
beenseekingfromChinaisforittoin-
vestigateourconcernsandtostarta
dialoguewithusoncyberissues.’’She
notedthatChina‘‘agreedlastmonthto
startanewworkinggroup,’’andthat
theadministrationhoped towin
‘‘longer-termchangesinChina’sbeha-
vior,includingbyworkingtogetherto
establishnormsagainstthetheftof
tradesecretsandconfidentialbusiness
information.’’
Sofar,theWhiteHousehasavoided
describingwhat‘‘rightcostsandincen-
tives’’wouldbe—aparticularlydiffi-
cultprobleminthecaseofChina,whose
trillionsofdollarsininvestmentinthe
UnitedStatesandemergenceasthe
world’ssecond-largesteconomymeans
thatithasplentyofleveragetoretaliate.
ButinareporttobeissuedWednesday,
aprivatetaskforceheadedbyMr.
Obama’sformerdirectorofnationalin-
telligence,DennisBlair,andhisformer
ambassadortoChina,JonM.Huntsman
Jr.,laysoutaseriesofproposedexecu-
tiveactionsandcongressionallegisla-
thatlinkedhimtoaChinesenational
namedWangDong,whokeptablog
aboutthisexperienceasaP.L.A.hacker
from2006to2009,inwhichhelamented
hislowpay,longhours,andinstantra-
menmeals.
Butintheweeksthatfollowed,the
grouppickedupwhereithadleftoff.
FromitsheadquartersinShanghai,the
unit’shackerssetupnewbeachheads
fromcompromisedcomputersallover
theworld,manyofthemlow-levelInter-
netserviceprovidersandmom-and-pop
shopswhoseownersdonotrealizethat
byrunningunpatchedcomputersys-
tems,theyareenablingstate-sponsored
espionage.
Theunitnowusesthesamemalware
itusedtobreakintothesamevictimor-
ganizationsinthepast,onlywithminor
tweakstothecode.Threemonthsafter
theunitscatteredunderbrightlights,
itshackersarebackwheretheystarted,
vacuumingvastamountsofdatafrom
theirvictimsbacktotheirheadquarters
inShanghai.
WhileU.S.officialsandcorporateex-
ecutivessaytheyaretryingtoconvince
PresidentXiJinping’sgovernmentthat
apatternoftheftbytheP.L.A.willdam-
ageChina’sgrowthprospects—andthe
willingnessofcompaniestoinvestinthe
Chinesemarket—theirlonger-term
concernisthatChinamaybetryingto
establishanewsetofrulesforcyberre-
latedcommerce.
‘‘YouseeChinabuildinghighwaysall
overAfrica,’’saidJaredCohen,who
headsGoogleIdeas,thethinktankcre-
atedbyGoogletoexamineissuesofthe
spreadoftheInternettothedeveloping
world.‘‘It’salsobuildinginformation
highways,’’Mr.CohensaidFridayata
talkinWashingtonwithEricSchmidt,
Google’schairman,andthosehighways
willlargelyoperateonChinese-influ-
enceddesigns.Heexpressedconcern
thatautocraticstateswerealready
tendingto‘‘bandtogether’’tocensor
theWeb,butalsocreateanenvironment
inwhichtheWest’slegalconcepts
wouldbefrozenout.
Mr.Schmidtsaidthatwhiletherewas
evidencethatinsideChinamanycit-
izenswereusingtheWebtopressure
thegovernmentoncleaningupindustri-
alhazardsorcomplainingaboutcorrup-
tion,‘‘sofarthereisnopositivedataon
China’sdealingswiththerestofthe
world’’oncyberissues.
GooglelargelypulledoutofChina
afterrepeatedattacksonitssystemsin
2009and2010,andnowoperatesit
ChineseoperationsfromHongKong.
Butitremains,Mr.Schmidtsaid,acon-
stanttargetforChinesecyberattackers.
HACKING,FROMPAGE1
thereportstrackingtheactionsofUnit
61398.
AstudyjustcompletedbyMandiant,
attherequestofTheNewYorkTimes,
showedevidencethatthegroupun-
pluggeditsspyingtoolsfromvictimor-
ganizations,andceasedusingcomputer
serversaroundtheworldthatMandiant
identifiedasthesourceofattacks.But
overthepasttwomonths,ithasfound
newserversandreinsertedmanyofthe
toolsthatenableitshackerstoseekout
datawithoutdetectionfromthesame
victims.
ByMandiant’sestimate,thegroupis
nowoperatingat60to70percentofthe
levelitwasworkingatinFebruary,and
themostrecentsummaryofMandiant’s
findingsconcludedthattheexposureof
thegroup‘‘onlyproducedlimitedef-
fectsononeelementoftheChinesepro-
gramwithnodiscerniblechangetothe
restoftheChinesecyberefforts.’’
Mandiant’sfindingsmatchthoseof
Crowdstrike,anothersecurityfirmthat
hasbeentrackingthegroup.Adam
Meyers,aCrowdstrikeresearcher,said
thatapartfromafewminorchangesin
tactics,itwas‘‘businessasusual’’for
theP.L.A.unit.
ThesubjectofChineseattacksisex-
pectedtobeacentralissueinavisitto
ChinainthenexttwoweeksbyPresi-
dentBarackObama’snationalsecurity
adviser,ThomasE.Donilon,whohas
saidthatdealingwithChina’sactionsin
cyberspaceisnowmovingtothecenter
ofthecomplexsecurityandeconomic
relationshipbetweenthetwocountries.
Buthopesforprogressontheissue
arelimited.WhenthePentagonreleased
itsreportthismonthofficiallyidentify-
ingtheChinesemilitaryasthesourceof
yearsofattacks,theChineseForeign
Ministrydeniedthereport;People’s
Daily,whichreflectstheviewsofthe
CommunistParty, calledtheUnited
States‘‘thereal‘hackingempire,’’’that
‘‘hascontinuedtostrengthenitsnet-
worktools forpolitical subversion
againstothercountries.’’OtherChinese
organizationsandscholarscitedthe
AmericanandIsraelicyberattackson
Iran’snuclearfacilitiesasevidencethat
theUnitedStateswashypocritical.
Ininterviews,administrationofficials
saidtheywerenotsurprisedbythere-
sumptionofthehackingactivity.One
seniorofficialsaidFridaythat‘‘thisis
somethingwearegoingtohavetocome
backattimeandagainwiththeChinese
leadership,’’who,hesaid,‘‘havetobe
convincedthereisarealcosttothiskind
ofactivity.’’
AttheWhiteHouse,CaitlinHayden,
ARevolutioninProgress
Joinustodebatecriticalissuesattheheartoftheoilandgas
industryandhearthelatestexpertperspectivesonwhatreally
mattersfortheinternationalenergysector.
Keytopicstobediscussedinclude:
•
Newexplorationandproductionplays
•
Refiningsectortransformations
•
Thenewworldofoilandgastrading
•
Tightoilandshalegas
Hearhowtheglobalenergysectorischangingandexactlywhat
thatmeansforyourcurrentandfuturebusinessventuresfrom
our
newspeakersfor2013
,including:
‘‘Theyareusingnewsources
inChinaandnew
intermediariestogettothe
victimorganizations.’’
tionthatwoulddramaticallyraisethe
pricefortheftofintellectualproperty.
‘‘Jawboningalonewon’twork,’’Mr.
BlairsaidSaturday.‘‘Somethinghasto
changeChina’scalculus.’’
ClearlytheexposureofUnit61398’s
actions,whichhavelongbeenwell-
knowntothegovernment,didnotac-
complishthattask.OnedayafterMan-
diantandtheU.S.governmentrevealed
theP.L.A.unitastheculpritbehindhun-
dredsofattacksonagenciesandcompa-
nies,rangingfromLockheedMartin
andCoca-Colatocompanieswithaccess
toAmericanoilpipelinesandthecoun-
try’spowergrid, theunitbegana
haphazardclean-upoperation.Attack
toolswereunpluggedfromvictims’sys-
tems.Command-and-control servers
wentsilent.
Andofthe3,000technicalindicators
Mandiantidentifiedinitsinitialreport,
onlyasliverwerekeptupandrunning.
Someoftheunit’smostvisibleoperat-
ives,hackerswithnames—like
‘‘DOTA,’’‘‘SuperHard’’and‘‘UglyGor-
illa’’—disappeared,ascybersleuths
scouredtheWebforcluestotheirreal
identities.InthecaseofUglyGorilla,In-
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5
THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
UNITEDSTATES
WORLDNEWS
BRIEFLY
UnitedStates
Obamaaideridestohisdefenseoverscandals
WASHINGTON
Afteraroughweek
forWhiteHouse,adviser
callsallegations‘absurd’
WASHINGTON
Formerco-chairmanof panel
onBenghaziissubpoenaed
TheheadoftheHouseOversightand
GovernmentReformCommitteehas
subpoenaedtheco-chairmanofthein-
dependentreviewboardthatinvesti-
gatedtheattacklastyearontheU.S.
diplomaticmissioninBenghazi,Libya,
toanswerquestionsaboutthepanel’s
findingsbehindcloseddoors.
RepresentativeDarrellIssa,Republi-
canofCalifornia,saidinastatementon
Fridaythathehadissuedthesubpoena
totheretiredveterandiplomatThomas
R.Pickeringtoforcehimtoappearata
depositionthisweek.
Mr.Pickering,whowasco-chairman
oftheBenghaziAccountabilityReview
BoardwithaformerJointChiefsofStaff
chief,Adm.MikeMullen,hasofferedto
testifybeforeMr.Issa’scommitteein
public.ButMr.Issasaidaclosed-door
meetingwasneededfirstforthecom-
mitteetofullyunderstandhowthere-
viewboardhadconducteditsinquiry.
BYBRIANKNOWLTON
AseniorWhiteHouseadvisermounted
acombativedefenseonSundayagainst
Republicanallegationsoverthescan-
dalsroilingWashington,sayingthatthe
criticismofPresidentBarackObama’s
governingstylewere‘‘offensive’’and
‘‘absurd.’’
ThoseremarkscamefromDanPfeif-
fer,amemberofthepresident’sinner
circle,ashemadeararecircuitofallfive
majornetworktalkshows.
Afteraweekthatcommentatorshave
describedasa‘‘hellweek’’forthead-
ministration,Mr.Pfeifferwasattempt-
ingtobolstertheWhiteHouseresponse
tothefurorovertheInternalRevenue
Service’stargetedreviewsofconserva-
tivegroups,thelethalattacklastyearin
Benghazi,Libya,andtheJusticeDe-
partment’sseizureofjournalists’phone
records.
HerepeatedlyblamedRepublicans
forexploitingthethreeissuesforpolit-
icalpurposes.Republicansinsistedthat
theywouldpushaheadaggressivelyfor
fullerinvestigations,particularlyonthe
I.R.S.andBenghazimatters.
Theadministrationhaspromisedto
cooperate,butitisalsofightingtokeep
theissuesfromovershadowingitslegis-
lativeagendaatatimewhentheparti-
sandivideisalreadydeep.
RepresentativePaulRyan,Republi-
canofWisconsin,saidon‘‘FoxNews
Sunday’’thatinvestigatorsexamining
theI.R.S.scandalneededtoanswerkey
questions:‘‘Whoknew,whendidthey
know,whydidtheydothis,howhighup
ingovernmentdiditgo?’’
Mr.Ryan,amemberoftheWaysand
MeansCommittee,whichheldanoften-
testyhearingFridayintotheI.R.S.mat-
ter,saidthatAmericanshadlostconfi-
denceingovernment.‘‘Thisisarro-
ganceofpower,abuseofpower,tothe
nthdegree,’’hesaid.
RepresentativeTomPrice,aGeorgia
Republicanwhoisalsoonthecommittee,
saidthataninspectorgeneral’sreviewof
thetaxagencythatwasreleasedlast
weekwas‘‘justthebeginningofthispro-
cess.’’Thereviewlargelyblamedinef-
fectiveI.R.S.managementfortheundue
scrutinyofTeaPartygroups.
Judgetemporarilyblocks
abortionlawinArkansas
Afederaljudgehastemporarilyblocked
enforcementofoneoftheUnitedStates’
moststringentabortionlaws,anArkan-
sasbanontheprocedureatthe12th
weekofpregnancy,sayingthelawwas
likelytobedeclaredunconstitutional.
AdoptedinMarch,thelawwasthe
sharpestchallengeyettothestandard
setbytheSupremeCourt.Roev.Wade
in1973andlaterdecisionsdetermined
thatawomanhasarighttoanabortion
uptothepointthatafetusisviableout-
sidethewomb,usuallyaround24weeks.
Abortionrightsgroupsquickly
broughtalegalchallenge,resultingina
preliminaryinjunctiononFriday.Itwas
issuedbyJudgeSusanWebberWright
ofU.S.DistrictCourtinLittleRock.The
injunctionwillremaininplaceuntilthe
judgehearsfinalargumentsandrules
onthelaw’sconstitutionality.
MANDELNGAN/AGENCEFRANCE-PRESSE
Mr.ObamabeforereceivinganhonorarydoctorateatMorehouseCollegeinAtlantaonSunday. BackinWashington,DanPfeiffer,atopadviser,saidRepublicanattackswere‘‘offensive.’’
Mr.Pfeiffertriedtoclarifyakeypoint
—‘‘whendidtheyknow’’—regarding
theexacttimewhenMr.Obamalearned
thatconservativegroupsseekingtax-ex-
emptstatuswerethesubjectofanunusu-
alamountofattention.Thepresident’s
responsetoareporter’squestionThurs-
dayhadseemedopentointerpretation.
ButMr.Pfeiffersaidrepeatedlythat
thepresidentlearnedaboutthematter
onlyweeksago.Thatwasappropriate,
Mr.Pfeiffersaid,giventheimportance
of insulatingtheI.R.S.fromWhite
Housepressure.
Mr.Pfeiffermadetheadministra-
tion’sRepublicancriticstheprimetar-
getofhisanger.
‘‘ThereisnoquestionRepublicans
aretryingtomakepoliticalhayhere,’’
hesaidoftheI.R.S.scandal.Regarding
Benghazi,hesaidonFox,‘‘There’sa
seriesofconspiracytheoriestheRepub-
licanshavebeenspinningaboutthis
sincethenightithappened.’’
ChrisWallace,theFoxhost,pressed
Mr.PfeiffertoexplainexactlywhatMr.
ObamawasdoingonSept.11,2012asre-
portscameinoftheattackinBenghazi
—specificallywhetherthepresident
hadgonetotheSituationRoomtomon-
itoreventsintensively.Mr.Pfeifferdis-
missedwhathesaidwastheimplication
thatthepresidentcouldhaveacted
moredecisivelyinasituationthatcost
fourU.S.lives.
‘‘TheassertionsfromRepublicans
herethatsomehowthepresidentallowed
thistohappenanddidn’ttakeactionisof-
fensive,’’Mr.Pfeiffersaid, adding,
‘‘There’snoevidencetosupportit.’’
ButtheminorityleaderoftheSenate,
MitchMcConnellofKentucky,picked
uponarecentRepublicanthemeincast-
ingtheI.R.S.andBenghaziscandalsas
symptomsofamuchdeeperproblem.
‘‘Thereisacultureofintimidation
throughtheadministration,’’hesaidon
NBC’s‘‘MeetthePress.’’‘‘TheI.R.S.is
justthemostrecentexample.’’
Mr.Pfeifferhadtonavigateanarrow
pathattimes.Thepresident’sinsist-
encethatitwouldhavebeenwrongto
beinvolvedearlierintheI.R.S.matter
ortointerferewiththeJusticeDepart-
mentleakinvestigationhaveinvited
criticismthathismanagementstyleis
sodetachedastobeineffectual.
Mr.Pfeifferbrusquelydismissed
thosesuggestions.
‘‘Ithinkthat’sanabsurdproposi-
tion,’’hesaidonFox,adding,‘‘What
wouldbearealproblemisifhewasin-
volvedinthosecases.’’
Hesaidthatacardinalruleofthepres-
idencyis‘‘youdon’tgetinvolvedwith
independent investigations,andyou
don’tgivetheappearanceofdoingso.’’
SomeRepublicanshavesoughttolink
theI.R.S.scandaltotheirconcernsabout
thepresident’shealthcarelaw,calling
forSarahHallIngram,whohadheaded
theI.R.S.sectioninvolvedinthetax-ex-
emptdeterminations,toberelievedof
herroleinimplementingthatlaw.
Mr.Pfeiffersaidnosuchstepshould
betakenbeforeamonthlonginvestiga-
tionorderedbythenewactingI.R.S.
commissionerwascompleted.‘‘Noone
hassuggestedthatshedidanything
wrongyet,’’hesaid.
ButSenatorRobPortman,Republi-
canofOhio,saidhedidnotthinkthe
I.R.S.reviewwouldsuffice.‘‘Ithinka
specialcounselisgoingtowindupbeing
necessary,’’hesaid.Otherlawmakers,
however,saidtheywerenotsureaWa-
tergate-stylespecialcounselwouldbe
required.
Yellowfevershotisgoodforalifetime
Oneyellowfevershotconferslifetime
protectionandthecustomary‘‘booster
shot’’givenat10yearsisnolonger
necessary,accordingtotheWorld
HealthOrganization.
AsimmigrantsadoptU.S.lifestyle,theirhealthsuffers
5WIT:'8ITJ#:M;JL$+;J3T
*IT:J+BTJ3T:B;*LT<4
caloriedietsandsedentarylifestyles.
InBrownsville,awornbordercity
studdedwithfast-foodrestaurants,im-
migrantssaythathappensslowly,al-
most imperceptibly.IntheUnited
States,foodslikehamandbreadthat
arenotsupposedtobesweetare.And
childrenlosetheirtastefortraditional
Mexicanfoodslikecactusandbeans.
Fortherecentlyarrived,thequantity
andaccessibilityoffoodspeakstothe
boundlesspromiseoftheUnitedStates.
EstherAngeles remembersbeing
amazedatthesizeofhamburgers—as
bigasdinnerplates—whenshefirst
cametotheUnitedStatesfromMexico
15yearsago.‘‘Ithought,thisisreallya
countryofopportunity,’’shesaid.‘‘Look
atthesizeofthefood!’’
Fast-foodfarenotonlytastedgood,
butwasalsoasignofsuccess,afamily
treatthatnewearningsputinreach.
‘‘Thecrispinesswasdelicious,’’said
JuanMuniz,62,recallinghisfirstvisitto
Church’sChickenwithhisfamilyinthe
late1970s.‘‘Iwasproudandexcitedto
eatout.I’dtellthem:‘Let’sgoeat.We
canafforditnow.’’’
Forothers,supersizedealsappealed.
‘‘Youworksohard,youwanttouse
yourmoneyinasmartway,’’saidAris
Ramirez,acommunityhealthworkerin
Brownsville,explainingthethinking.
‘‘Sowhentheyhear‘twicethefriesfor
anextra49cents,’peoplethink,‘That’s
economical.’’’
ForMs.Angeles,theexcitementofbig
foodeventuallyworeoff,andthefrantic
paceofthemodernU.S.workplacetook
over.Shefoundherselfeatingham-
burgersmorebecausetheywerecon-
venientandshewasbusyinher78-hour-
a-weekjobasahousekeeper.Whatis
more,shelostcontroloverherdaugh-
ter’sdietbecause,asasinglemother,
shewasrarelywithheratmealtimes.
RobertO.Valdez,aprofessoroffam-
ilyandcommunitymedicineandeco-
nomicsattheUniversityofNewMex-
ico,said,‘‘Allthethingswetellpeopleto
dofromaclinicalperspectivetoday—a
lotoffiberandlessmeat—wereexactly
thelifestylehabitsthatimmigrants
werenormallykeeping.’’
Asearlyasthe1970s,researchers
foundthat immigrantslivedseveral
grantslive2.9yearslongerthanU.S.-
bornHispanics.Still,thedatadonot
breakdownbygeneration.Ms.Arias
cautionedthatsubsequentgenerations
—forexample,grandchildrenand
great-grandchildren—mayindeedim-
proveastheyriseinsocioeconomic
status,whichintheUnitedStatesis
stronglycorrelatedwithbetterhealth.
Otherresearchsuggeststhatsomeof
thedifferencehastodowithvariation
amongU.S.-bornHispanics,mostof
whomstilldobetterthantherestofthe
U.S.population.PuertoRicansbornin
thecontinentalUnitedStates,forex-
ample,havesomeoftheshortestlife
spansandevendoworsethanwhites
bornintheUnitedStates,accordingto
researchbyMr.Hummer,dragging
downthenumbersforU.S.-bornHispan-
ics.ButMexicanimmigrantmenlive
abouttwoyearslongerthanMexican-
Americanmen,accordingtotheesti-
matesbyMs.Arias.
Whyisaharderquestiontoanswer,re-
searcherssay.Somepointtosmoking.
AndrewFenelon,aresearcheratBrown
UniversityinRhodeIsland,foundin2011
thathalfofthethree-yearlifeexpectancy
advantagethatHispanicimmigrantshad
overU.S.-bornHispanicswasbecause
theysmokedless.
Otherresearcherssayculturecon-
tributes.Foreign-bornHispanicsare
lesslikelythanU.S.-bornHispanicstobe
raisingchildrenalone,andmorelikely
tobepartoflargekinshipnetworksthat
insulatethemfromharsheconomicreal-
itiesthatcanleadtopoorhealth.
BROWNSVILLE, TEXAS
BYSABRINATAVERNISE
BecominganAmericancanbebadfor
yourhealth.
Agrowingbodyofmortalityresearch
onimmigrantshasshownthatthe
longertheyliveintheUnitedStates,the
worsetheirratesofheartdisease,high
bloodpressureanddiabetes.Andwhile
theirU.S.-bornchildrenmayhavemore
money,theytendtoliveshorterlives
thantheparents.
Thepatterngoesagainstanynotion
thatmovingtotheUnitedStatesim-
proveseveryaspectof life.Italso
demonstratesthatatleastintermsof
health,worriesaboutassimilationfor
thecountry’s11millionillegalimmi-
grantsaremistaken.Infact,itishap-
peningalltooquickly.
‘‘There’ssomethingaboutlifeinthe
UnitedStatesthatisnotconduciveto
goodhealthacrossgenerations,’’said
RobertA.Hummer,asocialdemograph-
erattheUniversityofTexasatAustin.
ForHispanics,nowthelargestU.S.
immigrantgroup,theforeign-bornlive
aboutthreeyearslongerthantheir
counterpartsbornintheUnitedStates,
severalstudieshavefound.
WhydoeslifeintheUnitedStates—
despiteitssophisticatedhealthcare
systemandhighpercapitawages—
leadtoworsehealth?Researchisshow-
ingthat theimmigrantadvantage
wearsoffwiththeadoptionofAmerican
behaviors—smoking,drinking,high-
)UJ::TL@-,TV
‘‘I’dlovetohavemywifeat
hometakingcareofthekids
andmakingsuretheyeat
right,butIcan’taffordto.’’
yearslongerthanU.S.-bornwhiteseven
thoughtheytendedtohavelesseduca-
tionandlowerincome,factorsusuallyas-
sociatedwithworsehealth.Thatgaphas
grownsince1980.Lessclear,however,
waswhathappenedtoimmigrantsand
theiroffspringbornintheUnitedStates
afteralifetimeinthecountry.
Evidenceismountingthatthesecond
generationdoesworse.ElizabethArias,
ademographerattheNationalCenter
forHealthStatistics,hasmadeexplorat-
oryestimatesbasedondatafrom2007
to2009,whichshowthatHispanicimmi-
KennethN.Waltz,88;shapedforeignrelationstheory
internationalpoliticscouldbeanalyzed,
somethingearliercoursesonmilitary
anddiplomatichistoryhadnotoffered.
‘‘Withoutatheory,we’rejustlost,’’
saidRobertJervis,apoliticalscience
professoratColumbia.‘‘Wejusthaveall
theserandomphenomenawecan’t
makeanysenseof.’’
OneofMr.Waltz’spropositionswas
thatwarswerenotcausedsimplybyhu-
managgressionorbadgovernments
butbytheanarchic,dog-eat-dognature
ofinternationalrelations.Eachnation-
state,hesaid,wouldpushasfarasit
couldtoadvanceitsownself-interests.
Heusedasanexamplethecollapseof
theSovietUnion,whichhesaidfreed
theUnitedStatestobecomeabullybe-
causeitnolongerhadanopponentinits
ownweightclass.Inthisnew‘‘uni-
polar’’world,theUnitedStates‘‘abuses
itspower,singlingoutpoor,weakcoun-
tries—that’swhatwespecializein—
andbeatingthemup,’’hesaidin2011in
anoralhistoryinterviewattheUniver-
sityofCalifornia,Berkeley.
Mr.Waltzshookconventionalwisdom
byregardingthe‘‘bipolar’’nuclear
stalematebetweentheUnitedStates
andtheSovietUnionasoneofthemost
stablebalancesofpowerever—notthe
knife-edgeofplanetaryannihilation.
Hiscritics,however,sawthefailureof
thebipolarmodelintheexperienceof
WorldWarI,inwhichtworigid,pre-ex-
istingalliancesclashedwithdevastat-
ingresults.
Mr.WaltzcounteredthattheCold
Warwasfundamentallydifferent,be-
causethe20th-centurysuperpowers
weresomuchstrongerthantheirallies
thatonlythesuperpowersmattered.
Mr.Waltzendorsednuclearprolifera-
tionasaforceforpeace.‘‘Themeasured
spreadofnuclearweaponsismoretobe
welcomedthanfeared,’’hewrotein1981.
Hearguedthatnuclearstateshadal-
wayssafeguardedtheirweaponscare-
fully,andthatnonuclearstatehadever
beeninvolvedinamajorwar.
Mr.Waltz’sgoalwastoclarifythink-
ingaboutinternationalpoliticsbyoffer-
ingaperspectivehecalled‘‘structural
realism,’’orneorealism,inwhichinter-
actionsbetweennationsmattermostin
fomentingwar.
Morethanhisviewsonparticularfor-
eign-policyissues,itwasMr.Waltz’s
theoreticalworkthatinfluencedpolicy
makersmost,Mr.Jervissaid.Andyet
hismostcontroversialpronouncement
wasindeedaboutaspecificissue:Iran’s
gettingthebomb.
WritinginForeignAffairslastyearun-
derthetitle‘‘WhyIranShouldGetthe
Bomb,’’Mr.Waltzarguedthatinaregion,
inthiscasetheMiddleEast,thathadonly
onenuclearpower,Israel,anotherwould
beastabilizingforce.Iran,hesaid,would
beunlikelytousethebombbecauseIra-
nianleaders,howeverhateful,werenot
self-destructive.
CriticsrespondedthatIran’sIslamic
leadersmightnotbesoself-restrained,
giventheirbeliefthatmartyrdomwins
God’sapproval;thatIranmightshare
thebombwithterrorists, justasit
sharesconventionalweapons;andthat
havingnuclearprotectionmighten-
courageIrantobemoreprovocativein
localconflictsinvolvinglesserarms.
BYDOUGLASMARTIN
KennethN.Waltz,apre-eminent
thinkeroninternationalrelationswho
wasknownforhiscontrarian,debate-
provokingideas,notleasthisviewthat
stabilityintheMiddleEastmightbebet-
OBITUARY
terservedifIranhadanuclearweapon,
diedonMay12inNewYork.Hewas88.
Thecausewascomplicationsfrom
pneumonia,saidColumbiaUniversity,
whereMr.Waltzwasaseniorresearch
scholar.
LeslieH.Gelb,emerituspresidentof
theCouncilonForeignRelations,char-
acterizedMr.Waltzasagiantwho
helpedshapethestudyofinternational
relationsasadiscretediscipline.
Thefielddevelopedinthe1950s,when
theexperiencesoftwoworldwarsand
thebeginningoftheColdWardrove
scholarstotrytoexplainmoreprecisely
hownationsinteracted.Thegoalwasto
buildaconceptualframeworkonwhich
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