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ROLLING FILM
BIGU.S. STUDIOS
TRY TOHANGON
PAGE 14
|
BUSINESS ASIAWITH
CHINA’SWOMEN
FACINGRISING
GENDERGAP
PAGE 6
|
VIEWS
NOMORE TABOO
PREGNANCY ON
THE RED CARPET
PAGE 9
|
STYLE
..
THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
TUESDAY, MAY 21, 2013
GLOBAL.NYTIMES.COM
Yahoo plans
to purchase
Tumblr for
$1.1 billion
NEW YORK
Cyberunit
in China said
to renew
U.S. attacks
WASHINGTON
Deal is intended to help
company catch up in
social media revolution
After a 3-month lull,
military is believed
to be stealing data again
BY MICHAEL J. DE LA MERCED,
NICK BILTON
AND NICOLE PERLROTH
The board of Yahoo, the fadedWeb pion-
eer, agreed on Sunday to buy the popu-
lar blogging service Tumblr for about
$1.1 billion in cash, the companies an-
nounced Monday, a signal of how the
company plans to reposition itself as the
technology industry makes a headlong
rush into social media.
The deal will be the largest acquisi-
tion of a social networking company in
years, surpassing Facebook’s $1 billion
purchase of Instagram last year.
For Yahoo and its chief executive,
Marissa Mayer, buying Tumblr is a bold
move as she tries to breathe new life in-
to the company. The deal, the seventh
since Ms. Mayer defected from Google
last summer to take over the company,
will be her biggest yet. It is meant to
give her companymore appeal to young
people and tomake up for years of miss-
ing out on the revolutions in social net-
working and mobile devices. Tumblr
has more than 108 million blogs, with
many highly active users.
Yet even with all those users, a basic
question about Tumblr and other social
media sites remains open: Can they
make money?
Founded six years ago, Tumblr has at-
tracted a loyal following and raised mil-
lions from big-name investors. Still, it
has not proved that it can be profitable,
nor that it can succeed on mobile
devices, which are becoming the gate-
way to the Internet. Even Facebook
faces continued pressure from in-
vestors to show that it can increase its
profits and adapt to the mobile world.
‘‘The challenge has always been, how
do you monetize eyeballs?’’ said Char-
lene Li, founder of the Altimeter Group,
a consulting firm. ‘‘Services like Insta-
gram and Facebook always focus on the
user experience first. Once that loyalty
is there, they figure out how to carefully,
ideally, make money on it.’’
A Yahoo spokeswoman declined to
comment. A representative for Tumblr
did not respond to requests for com-
ment.
Ms. Mayer will face the challenge of
successfully managing the takeover,
given Yahoo’s notorious reputation for
BY DAVID E. SANGER
AND NICOLE PERLROTH
Threemonths after hackers working for
a cyberunit of the Chinese People’s Lib-
eration Army went silent amid evidence
that they had stolen data from scores of
U.S. companies and government agen-
cies, they appear to have resumed their
attacks using different techniques, ac-
cording to computer industry security
experts and U.S. officials.
The Obama administration had bet
that ‘‘naming and shaming’’ the groups,
first in industry reports and then in a de-
tailed survey by the Pentagon of
Chinese military capabilities, might
prompt China’s new leadership to crack
down on the military’s highly organized
team of hackers — or at least urge them
to become more subtle.
But Unit 61398, whose well-guarded
12-story white headquarters on the
edges of Shanghai became the symbol
of Chinese cyberpower, is back in busi-
ness, according to U.S. officials and se-
curity companies.
It is not clear precisely who has been
affected by the latest attacks. Mandiant,
a private security company that helps
companies and government agencies
defend themselves from hackers, said
the attacks had resumed but would not
identify the targets, citing agreements
with its clients. But it did say the victims
were many of the same ones the unit
had attacked before.
The hackers were behind scores of
thefts of intellectual property and gov-
ernment documents over the past five
years, according to a report by Mandi-
ant in February that was confirmed by
U.S. officials. They have stolen product
blueprints, manufacturing plans, clini-
cal trial results, pricing documents, ne-
gotiation strategies and other propriet-
ary information from more than 100 of
Mandiant’s clients, predominantly in
the United States.
According to security experts, the
cyberunit was responsible for a 2009 at-
tack on Coca-Cola Co. that coincided
with its failed attempt to acquire the
MOHAMMED AMEEN/REUTERS
Deadly violence in Iraq
AwaveofattacksinShiiteandSunniareasofIraqonMondaykilledatleast86people,officialssaid,pushingthedeathtolloverthepastweekto
more than 230 and extending one of the most sustained bouts of sectarian violence the country has seen in years. The bloodshed is still far short of the pace of 2006-2007.
PAGE 5
A deal hastened by Bangladesh collapse
STOCKHOLM
It did not matter that no clothes pro-
duced by H&M had been found among
the twisted metal and broken concrete
as the death toll rose beyond 1,100. The
refusal of a major Swedish newspaper
to print the ad simply added to the no-
toriety online.
‘‘They felt it was too tough,’’ Alex
Wilks, the campaign director of Avaaz,
the global advocacy group that created
the ad, said of H&M. ‘‘But our feeling
was, this is a really tough topic. Lots of
people lost their lives, so it’s worth esca-
lating the discussions.’’
In interviews last week, executives of
the H&M Group, which operates six
chains owned by H&MHennes &Maur-
itz, said that the Avaaz ad had had no in-
fluence on the thinking that had led to
its signing an agreement that for the
first timewould legally bindWestern re-
tailers to invest in improving worker
safety in Bangladesh and other low-
H&M’s Facebook page, adorned with
photos of the singer Beyoncé in bikinis
made in Bangladesh and other low-
wage countries, was becoming littered
with customer complaints. Avaaz had
circulated an online petition that
gathered more than 900,000 signatures,
calling for H&M to sign an agreement to
help pay to meet fire safety standards
and reduce workplace hazards in its
Bangladesh factories.
Influential retail unions, which had
long pushed H&M and other companies
to step up their safety investments, also
turned up the heat through phone calls
and Skype video chats with H&M offi-
cials, including Helena Helmersson and
Anna Gedda, who head the company’s
programs to improve the labor condi-
tions and minimize the environmental
impact of clothing production.
At the same time, H&M was trying to
‘‘The tipping point was that
we reached an accord
that we felt was really
going to produce change.’’
H&M, largest buyer
of clothes from country,
was key to agreement
wage countries. The company, which
sold $22 billion worth of clothes and ac-
cessories last year, had already been
making efforts to get other retailers to
join it in improving the safety of facto-
ries used by its suppliers, the executives
said.
But it was clear that after the April 24
Rana Plaza disaster, pressure was
mounting on H&M — known as a pur-
veyor of ‘‘cheap chic’’ and a leader in
the so-called fast-fashion business,
which relies on rapid turnarounds from
order to delivery — to make good on
past promises to help improve labor
conditions in Bangladesh.
BY LIZ ALDERMAN
For a global retailer, it was the worst
kind of publicity.
Twoweeks after the Rana Plaza build-
ing in Bangladesh collapsed in one of
the worst industrial disasters in history,
a brash human-rights ad went viral. It
paired a smiling photo of the chief exec-
utiveofH&M,theSwedishretailerand
the world’s largest buyer of clothes
from Bangladesh, with a picture of an
anguished woman at the Rana Plaza
rubble. The headline read: ‘‘Enough
Fashion Victims?’’
YAHOO, PAGE 15
FACTORIES, PAGE 15
‘Many Tsarnaevs’ keep
Caucasus at a
steady boil
KHASAVYURT, RUSSIA
BY ELLEN BARRY
The slender man of 22, a former guer-
rilla fighter, was making another hang-
dog, penitent appearance at the behest
of city officials here. It was brainwash-
ing that had led him to take up arms
against the state and ‘‘go to the forest,’’
he said, and his sincere desire was to
forget that it had ever happened.
Most of the time, people like the
young man, Dzhabrail Altysultanov, do
not come back alive, the deputy mayor
of Khasavyurt, a city near the Chechen
border, acknowledged matter-of-factly,
as awaitress brought a steaming platter
of roasted meat. If Mr. Altysultanov had
not surrendered, the official said, ‘‘they
would have had to gather him up in
pieces.’’ The younger man looked down
at his plate.
The six-month sojourn of one suspect
in the Boston bombing, Tamerlan
Tsarnaev, in the Russian region of
Dagestan last year has drawn unusual
attention to the low-boil guerrilla war-
fare of the North Caucasus. A picture
CARLOS BARRIA/REUTERS
The Shanghai headquarters of Unit 61398,
a part of the People’s Liberation Army.
has come together ofMr. Tsarnaev as an
outsider feeling his way around the
edges of an insurgency that looked very
different from the stories of partisan
fighting that he had heard growing up
among Chechen refugees.
Investigators are pushing to better
understand what Mr. Tsarnaev was
looking for when he traveled to Dage-
stan. But what he found was a shadow
war that takes place around the edges of
normal life, hidden in plain sight.
Young men vanish from their homes,
only to reappear in tallies of the dead
after scorching counterterrorism oper-
ations. Though the number of fighters is
probably no higher than a few hundred,
law enforcement officials say, it is
backed by a sprawling and invisible
support network — thousands of ordin-
ary people, even police officers, who as-
sist them, out of fear or sympathy. It is a
society engaged in an intimate tug-of-
war over youngmenwho slip easily into
the ranks of the insurgency.
‘‘You want to talk about Tsarnaevs,’’
said the mayor of Khasavyurt, a barrel-
chested local strongman named Saigid-
China Huiyuan Juice Group. In 2011, the
group attacked RSA, amaker of data se-
curity products used by U.S. govern-
ment agencies and defense contractors,
and used the information it collected
from that attack to break into the com-
puter systems of Lockheed Martin, the
aerospace contractor.
More recently, security experts said,
the group took aim at companies with
accesstotheU.S.powergrid.Last
September, it broke into the Canadian
arm of Telvent, now Schneider Electric,
which keeps detailed blueprints on
more than half of the oil and natural gas
pipelines in North America.
Representatives of Coca-Cola and
Schneider Electric did not return re-
quests for comment Sunday. A Lock-
heed Martin spokesman said the com-
pany would decline to comment.
In interviews, Obama administration
officials said they were not surprised by
the resumption of the hacking activity.
One senior official said Friday that ‘‘this
is something we are going to have to
come back at time and again with the
Chinese leadership,’’ who, he said,
DMITRY KOSTYUKOV FOR THE NEWYORK TIMES
A list of former militants who took up arms in guerrilla violence against the state but later recanted. Crosses mark those who were killed.
DAGESTAN,PAGE5
HACKING, PAGE 3
BUSINESS ASIA
Japan optimistic on recovery
In its latest monthly assessment of
economic activity, the cabinet said the
economy was ‘‘picking up slowly,’’ an
upgrade from its last report.
PAGE 14
PAGE TWO
China’s latest food scandal
Chinese officials’ handling of rice
containing levels of the metal cadmium
that exceed national safety standards
has provoked outrage in the country.
WORLDNEWS
China and India leaders meet
A communiqué issued after discussions
between Prime Minister Li Keqiang of
China and his Indian counterpart,
Manmohan Singh, downplayed recent
areas of conflict.
PAGE 3
VIEWS
The next steps for Myanmar
The international community is right
to bringMyanmar in from the cold, but
there is still a long way to go, José
Ramos-Horta, Muhammad Yunus and
Benedict Rogers write.
PAGE 6
ONLINE
The art of writing goodbyes
The ‘‘Suicide Note Writing
Workshop,’’ focused on the art of the
suicide note and epitaph, is part of a
series of performances, installations
and lectures called the School of Death
in New York. The pop-up school came
about as a smart-alecky reaction to a
program in London called the School of
Life. cityroom.blogs.nytimes.com
Israel contests veracity of film
An Israeli panel cast doubt on a French
television report from 2000 showing a
Palestinian boy caught in gunfire that
has since been the subject of
controversy and court battles.
PAGE 4
CURRENCIES
STOCK INDEXES
NEW YORK, MONDAY 11:00AM
MONDAY
Hezbollah deaths rise in Syria
The Syrian government unleashed
more airstrikes onMonday in the
strategic city of Qusayr. With reports of
fierce resistance from the rebels, the
death toll also rose for Hezbollah.
PAGE 4
Russia expels U.S. lawyer
A former U.S. Embassy official who
served as an anti-corruption expert
was barred from re-entering Russia,
apparently after rebuffing efforts to
recruit him as a spy.
PAGE 5
The day the music died in Mali
There are many theories about the
reasons why Islamic militants inMali
banned all music, but one thing it clearly
illustrates is howmuch music matters,
Sujatha Fernandes writes.
PAGE 7
PREVIOUS
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IN THIS ISSUE
No. 40,493
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 .
2
| TUESDAY, MAY 21, 2013
INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
page two
Secrecy
wins out
over inquiry
with fewer procedural restrictions.
After years of preliminaries, the in-
quest seemed to be on the brink of col-
lapse.
Marina Litvinenko, the former
K.G.B. officer’s widow, called the out-
come ‘‘a tragedy for British justice.’’
Arguably, though, it was inevitable, a
triumph of official opacity in a struggle
of competing definitions of what the
public should be allowed to know.
One was the notion, advanced by
Mrs. Litvinenko and cited by many
British media outlets opposing the ex-
cision of critical evidence, that ‘‘open
justice requires maximum disclosure,’’
as one precedent cited in Judge Owen’s
ruling put it.
Against that, the British authorities
built their case on the potentially ad-
verse impact of disclosure on the opera-
tions of the intelligence services and on
the ability of British diplomats to pursue
their relationships with foreign powers.
In fact, since the early days of the af-
fair, British leaders have gradually re-
calibrated their initial outrage at the
killing, shifting to more pragmatic con-
siderations of trade, energy, intelli-
gence-sharing and other ties to Vladi-
mir V. Putin’s Russia.
Theprospectofanopeninquest,by
contrast, seemed to herald embarrass-
ing disclosures.
Last December, a lawyer for Judge
Owen’s inquest concluded that British
government documents showed a
‘‘prima facie case as to the culpability
of the Russian state’’ in Mr. Litvinen-
ko’s death. And Mrs. Litvinenko herself
disclosed that her husband was a ‘‘reg-
istered and paid agent’’ of MI6.
So, in February, Mr. Hague reques-
ted ‘‘public interest immunity’’ to re-
strict key evidence at the inquest, and
on Friday, the judge seemed to largely
concur. Britain, Mrs. Litvinenko said,
had struck ‘‘a secret political deal’’
with Russia to ‘‘prevent the truth from
ever seeing the light of day.’’
Conspiracies, of course, are notori-
ously difficult to prove. By their essence,
they flourish in a twilight zone of self-in-
terest and secrecy, signposted more by
circumstantial evidence than fact.
The judge’s ruling, indeed, came just
a week after Prime Minister David
Cameron met with Mr. Putin at the
Black Sea resort of Sochi and the two
men agreed on a ‘‘limited’’ resumption
of intelligence cooperation, suspended
since Mr. Litvinenko’s death, in the ap-
proach to the Winter Olympics there
next year.
But, far from erasing the stain of sus-
picion, the ruling may have deepened
it, prompting questions about why the
British authorities had gone to such
lengths to gag the inquest. If British of-
ficials had nothing to hide, some of Mr.
Litvinenko’s supporters have taken to
asking, why did they seek immunity
from testifying? And who were they
shielding?
‘‘It’s an admission by the British
government that the Russian state is
culpable,’’ said Alex Goldfarb, a close
associate of the Litvinenko family.
But that is probably small solace for
Mr. Litvinenko’s supporters: The ques-
tions remain. Those who know the an-
swers have displayed the depth of their
reluctance to share them.
E-MAIL:
pagetwo@iht.com
Alan
Cowell
LETTER FROM EUROPE
LONDON
Ever since Alexander V. Lit-
vinenko died, his supporters have nur-
tured a hope of one day learning an-
swers to two critical questions: Did the
Kremlin plan his poisoning in central
London in November 2006? And could
British spymasters have prevented it?
The answers would have weighty im-
plications for both Moscow and London.
Mr. Litvinenko, 43, was a turncoat
K.G.B. officer, a whistle-blower assailing
organized crime and the Kremlin; he
was a newly naturalized British citizen
with ties to the late Russian oligarch
Boris A. Berezovsky; and according to
his widow, he was an employee of the
British Secret Intelligence Service, MI6.
The toxin that killed him, moreover,
was a rare radioactive isotope, polonium
210, the bulk of which is produced sup-
posedly under strict safeguards in Rus-
sia. British prosecutors accused another
former K.G.B. officer, Andrei K. Lugo-
voi, of murder — a charge he denied.
But there was another question that
would determine whether the first two
were answered: Would the British es-
tablishment ever permit disclosure of
its knowledge of the affair?
The answer came last Friday, when
Robert Owen, the senior judge acting
as the coroner at an oft-postponed in-
quest into Mr. Litvinenko’s death, ruled
in favor of a request from the British
foreign secretary, William Hague, to
exclude evidence relating to the ‘‘pos-
sible involvement of Russian state
agencies’’ and to the British authorit-
ies’ ‘‘knowledge and/or assessment of
threats to Mr. Litvinenko’s life.’’
With those words, the central ques-
tions — and the likelihood of answers
—were removed from the inquiry.
Not only that, but the 16-page ruling
given to the public stated clearly in
bold type that some evidential topics
had been ‘‘redacted,’’ but it gave no
clue as to the nature of what exactly
had been censored. The public, thus,
could not even guess at the outlines of
what other matters the authorities did
not wish to be known.
Given the constraints, Judge Owen
said, his ‘‘duty to carry out a full, fair
and fearless investigation into the
death of Mr. Litvinenko’’ would be
compromised, leading to ‘‘incomplete,
misleading or unfair conclusions.’’
Thus, he said, it may now be more
worthwhile to hold a public inquiry
PHOTOGRAPHS BYMATTHEWSTAVER FOR THE NEWYORK TIMES
A farmer in Haskell County, Kansas, looking for new sites to drill for wells tapping into the vast underground water supply that is used to irrigate land across the Great Plains.
U.S. pla
ins parched as wells dry
nomic impact nevertheless will be out-
sized. In the last U.S. agriculture census
of Kansas, in 2007, an average acre, or 0.4
hectare, of irrigated land produced
nearly twice as many bushels of corn,
two-thirds more soybeans and three-
fifths more wheat than did dry land.
Farmerswilltakeahitaswell.Raising
crops without irrigation is cheaper, but
yields are far lower. Drought is a constant
threat: The last two dry-land harvests
were all but wiped out by poor rains.
In the end, most farmers will adapt to
farming without water, said Bill Golden,
an economist at Kansas State Universi-
ty. ‘‘The revenue losses are there,’’ he
said. ‘‘But they’re not as tremendously
significant as one might think.’’
Some already are adapting. A few
miles west of Mr. Yost’s farm, Nathan
Kells cut back on irrigation when his
wells began faltering in the last decade,
and shifted his focus to raising dairy
heifers — 9,000 on that farm, and thou-
sands more elsewhere. At about 12 gal-
lons a day for a single cow, Mr. Kells can
sustain his herd with less water than it
takes to grow a single circle of corn.
‘‘The water’s going to flow to where
it’s most valuable, whether it be industry
or cities or feed yards,’’ he said. ‘‘We said,
‘What’s the higher use of thewater?’ and
decided that it was the heifer operation.’’
The problem, others say, is that when
irrigation ends, so do the jobs and the
added income that sustain rural com-
munities.
‘‘Looking at areas of Texas where the
groundwater has really dropped, those
towns are just a shell of what they once
were,’’ said JimButler, a hydrogeologist
at the Kansas Geological Survey.
Ashift to growing corn, amuch thirsti-
er crop than most, has only worsened
matters. Driven by demand, speculation
and a government mandate to produce
biofuels, the price of corn has tripled
since 2002, and Kansas farmers have re-
sponded by increasing the acreage of ir-
rigated cornfields by nearly a fifth.
Sorghum, or milo, gets by on a third
less water, Kansas State University re-
searchers say—and it, too, is in demand
by biofuel makers. As Kansas’ wells
peter out, more farmers are switching to
growing milo on dry land or with a com-
parative sprinkle of irrigation water.
But as long as there is enough water,
most farmers will favor corn. ‘‘The is-
sue that often drives this is economics,’’
said David W. Hyndman, who heads
Michigan State University’s geological
sciences department.
HASKELL COUNTY, KANSAS
Major aquifer showing
symptoms of overuse as
many crop yields tumble
BY MICHAEL WINES
Forty-nine years ago, Ashley Yost’s
grandfather sank a well deep into a half-
mile square of richKansas farmland. He
struck an artery of water so prodigious
that he could pump 1,600 gallons to the
surface every minute.
Last year, Mr. Yost was coaxing just
300 gallons, or 1,100 liters, from the
earth, and pumping up sand in order to
do it. By harvest time, the grit had
robbed him of $20,000 worth of pumps
and any hope of returning to the bumper
harvests of years past.
‘‘That’s prime land,’’ he said not long
ago, gesturing from his pickup at the
stubby remains of the crop from last
year. ‘‘I’ve raised 294 bushels of corn an
acre there before, with water and the
Lord’s help.’’ Now, he said, ‘‘it’s over.’’
The land, known as Section 35, sits
atop the High Plains Aquifer, a water-
logged jumble of sand, clay and gravel
that begins beneath Wyoming and
South Dakota and stretches clear to the
Texas Panhandle. The aquifer’s north-
ern reaches still hold enough water in
many places to last hundreds of years.
But as one heads south, it is increasingly
tapped out, drained by ever more in-
tensive farming and, lately, by drought.
Vast stretches of Texas farmland lying
over the aquifer no longer support irriga-
tion. In west-central Kansas, as much as
a fifth of the irrigated farmland along a
swath of 100 miles, or 160 kilometers, of
the aquifer has gone dry. In many other
places, there no longer is enough water
to supply farmers’ peak needs during
Kansas’ scorching summers.
And when the groundwater runs out,
it is gone for good. Refilling the aquifer
would require hundreds,
ONLINE:
JOIN THE CONVERSATION
Why isn’t it known scientists agree on climate?
‘‘The answer to the question posed at the end of the article is simple: The
U.S.A. is divided along political lines and the issue has been turned into a
political (not scientific) dispute.’’
LARRY818, SÃO PAULO
ihtrendezvous.com
At center, a sprinkler irrigating wheat in Haskell County, Kansas. Above, a well being
dismantled this spring in the region after its water supply got progressively lower.
IN OUR PAGES
✴
100, 75, 50 YEARS AGO
rivers that once veined the land have
dried up as 60 years of pumping have
pulled groundwater levels down by
scores and even hundreds of feet.
On some farms, big center-pivot irrig-
ators — the spindly rigs that create the
emerald circles of cropland familiar to
anyone flying over the region—are now
watering only a half-circle. On others,
they sit idle altogether.
Two years of extreme drought, during
which farmers relied almost completely
on groundwater, have brought the seri-
ousness of the problem home. In 2011
and 2012, the Kansas Geological Survey
reports, the average water level in the
state’s portion of the aquifer dropped
4.25 feet, or 1.3 meters — nearly a third
of the total decline since 1996.
And that is merely the average. ‘‘I
knowmy staff went out and remeasured
a couple of wells because they couldn’t
believe it,’’ said Lane Letourneau, a
manager at the State Agriculture De-
partment’s water resources division.
‘‘There was a 30-foot decline.’’
Kansas agriculture will survive the
slow draining of the aquifer — even now,
less than a fifth of the state’s farmland is
irrigated in any given year—but the eco-
if not thou-
sands, of years of rains.
This is in many ways a slow-motion
crisis — decades in the making, immi-
nent for some, years or decades away
for others, hitting one farm but leaving
an adjacent one untouched. But across
the rolling plains and tarmac-flat farm-
land near the Kansas-Colorado border,
the effects of depletion are evident
everywhere. Highway bridges span ar-
id stream beds. Most of the creeks and
1913 MoreWork for Peace ThanWar
LONDON The following message from
Sir Edward Grey was read at a meeting
of the Peace Society at the Mansion
House: ‘‘Although there are causes
working for war which are still not dead,
on the other hand, I am glad to say that I
am conscious that there are also greater
causes working for and strengthening
the cause of peace.’’ The Ambassadors
of the Powers met at the Foreign Office ,
Prince Lichnowsky being represented
by Baron Kuehlmann, Counsellor of the
German Embassy, and the proceedings,
after lasting three hours, were ad-
journed until Monday. The meeting, says
Reuter’s Agency, revealed the fact that
the strongest unanimity exists on the
necessity for the allies signing the pre-
liminary peace treaty at once.’’
1938 U.S. Spy Probe Grows
NEWYORK The greatest peace-time spy
round-up in United States history con-
tinued as a Federal grand jury again
questionedMrs. Kate Moog Busch, re-
ported to have been a nurse of President
Roosevelt. Mrs. Busch indignantly
denied that she had ever been employed
by the President and went on to testify
in behalf of her friend, whose husband,
Dr. Ignatz T. Griebel, leader of American
Nazis, is believed to have fled to Ger-
many. InWashington, Representative
Hamilton Fish (Republican, New York)
sharply reproved Secretary of War
Harry H. Woodring and Secretary of the
Interior Harold L. Ickes for having made
anti-Nazi speeches. ‘‘These speeches
breed war, hatred and misunderstand-
ing,’’ the Representative said. ‘‘It is no
concern of ours what kind of govern-
ments exist in overseas nations.’’
1963 Laws Voided on Segregation
WASHINGTON The South took a shel-
lacking on civil rights in the United
States Supreme Court. In far-reaching
decisions in six separate cases involving
five states, the court ripped away de-
fenses erected by Southerners to pre-
serve racial segregation. The court’s de-
cisions, taken by unanimous votes in
certain cases and by 8-to-1 votes in oth-
ers, made the Southerners’ fight look
more than ever like a losing one. With
Chief Justice Earl Warren, already the
bane of white racial extremists, deliver-
ing the prevailing opinion in four of the
six cases, the court deliberately opened
the door to further changes in life in the
South. The court reversed the convic-
tions of lunch-counter sit-in demonstra-
tors in four states.
Chinese officials’ handling of rice scare prompts outrage
closely associated with zinc mining.
But the authorities at the Guangzhou
Food and Drug Administration then
clammed up, declaring it was ‘‘not con-
venient to reveal’’ the affected brands,
thus leaving consumers unable to pro-
tect themselves.
That incited consternation, and a
stormof criticism, in the newsmedia and
online. Over theweekend, the authorities
relented, releasing the names of eight
rice brands and products, out of 18 tested,
that had unacceptably high levels of cad-
mium. The findings were part of random
food safety tests in the first quarter of the
year and did not cover all of the rice
availableonthemarket,thegovernment
said. Levels of as much as 0.4 milligram
per kilogram of rice were found, twice
China’s safety limit, according to Xinhua,
the state-run news agency.
Xinhua offered this practical, if short-
term, advice, as did People’s Daily, the
Communist Party mouthpiece: ‘‘Ex-
perts recommend that people should
not consume food and drink from one
particular region for long, instead they
should diversify to lower the risk.’’
In the longer term, Xinhua and
People’s Daily noted, the problem must
be solved by cleaning up China’s soil,
known to be contaminated in many
areas from industrial waste and mining.
It also needs better environmental pro-
tection laws and implementation, as
well as better testing, they said.
‘‘Cadmium in rice usually comes from
the soil where it grows, and the soil was
polluted by mining and chemical
wastes,’’ Fan Zhihong, a food safety ex-
pert at China Agricultural University in
Beijing,
BEIJING
BY DIDI KIRSTEN TATLOW
‘‘Cadmium rice,’’ as it is dubbed, or rice
laced with levels of the metal cadmium
that exceed national safety standards,
has become the latest food scare in
China, prompting a health and public re-
lations scandal in a nation long used to—
and deeply worried about —unsafe food.
Last week, the authorities in the
southern province of Guangdong found
that more than 44 percent of rice or rice
products tested there contained too-
high levels of the poisonous metal,
which is found in zinc ores and, to a less-
er extent, in themineral greenockite. Its
presence in soil as a contaminant is
told the
state-run Global
Times.
Cadmium, a known carcinogen, builds
up in the body and damages the kidneys
and lungs and can cause bone disease.
Cadmium contamination is an issue
around the world: the main sources are
phosphate fertilizers, the burning of
fossil fuels and iron and steel produc-
tion, according to the group.
Contaminated rice has long been a
problem in China, with a Nanjing Agri-
cultural University research project in
2011 finding that about 10 percent of rice
sold across the nation contained too
much cadmium, Global Times reported.
 ..
World News
TUESDAY, MAY 21, 2013 |
3
THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
asia
North Korea urged
to free Ch
ina boat
tured boat promptly drew an outcry
from the Chinese news media and cit-
izens online, some of whom have
already expressed increasing impa-
tiencewithNorthKorea over its nuclear
weapons ambitions and threats to the
region.
Since Saturday, the North has
launched six short-range projectiles in-
to waters off its east coast.
The Chinese media reports said that
the boat had been seized May 5, with 16
men aboard, and that the North Korean
authorities had demanded payment of
600,000 renminbi, or $98,000, to release
them and the vessel, apparently on the
grounds that it had been fishing in wa-
ters claimed by North Korea. The dead-
line for payment was Sunday, a newspa-
per, Beijing Times, said.
The owner of the boat, Mr. Yu, drew
public attention to its capture through
messages on Tencent Weibo, a Chinese
microblog service. And on Monday, he
issued a message saying that he feared
his crew had been beaten.
‘‘The captain of the seized boat com-
municated using a satellite phone, and
when I asked questions, it was clear that
HONG KONG
Foreign Ministry tells
Pyongyang to ensure
safety of captured crew
BY CHRIS BUCKLEY
China repeated its call on Monday for
North Korea to free a Chinese fishing
boat and crew seized this month, and
the boat’s owner voiced concern about
the safety of the detained fishermen, in
the latest episode to lay bare recent dis-
cord between the two governments.
The Chinese Foreign Ministry re-
vealed Sunday that the vessel’s owner,
Yu Xuejun, had called the Chinese Em-
bassy in Pyongyang on May 10 to seek
help after North Korea captured the
fishing boat, which operates from Da-
lian, a northeastern Chinese port city.
The ministry said it had urged North
Korea to release the boat and crew as
soon as possible, and on Monday a min-
istry spokesman, Hong Lei, demanded
that the North ensure that the crew
members were kept safe.
‘‘China is in close communication
with North Korea over the Chinese fish-
ing vessel held by the North,’’ Mr. Hong
said. ‘‘China has made representations
to North Korea through the relevant
channels, demanding that it properly
deal with the matter as quickly as possi-
ble and effectively safeguard the legit-
imate rights of the Chinese fisherman,
as well as the safety of their lives and
property.’’
The ministry did not explain why it
had waited so long to reveal the seizure,
which has come at a time of brittle ten-
sions with North Korea, an isolated
country that depends on Beijing for dip-
lomatic and economic support.
China has long supported North Ko-
rea, despite disagreement over the
North’s nuclear activities, and many
Chinese experts see the North as a stra-
tegic shield against potential regional
domination by the United States and its
allies, South Korea and Japan.
But in recent months, signs of irrita-
tion have surfaced in the two countries’
relations.
The announcement about the cap-
‘‘When I asked questions, it
was clear that he didn’t dare
speak,’’ the boat’s owner said
of a call from the captain.
ROBERTO SCHMIDT/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE
Prime Minister Li Keqiang of China, left, and Manmohan Singh, his Indian counterpart, in New Delhi on Monday. Mr. Li made India his first stop abroad since taking office.
he didn’t dare speak,’’ Mr. Yu wrote.
‘‘We’re afraid that the crew have been
beaten.’’
This month, the state-controlled Bank
of China said that it had ceased dealing
with the North Korean Foreign Trade
Bank,inwhatappearedtobeamove
supported by the Chinese government
to show impatience with the North.
Since then, other Chinese banks have
taken similar steps.
In May of last year, Beijing disclosed
that three Chinese vessels had been
seized by North Korea, which deman-
ded payment of a fine before it released
them and the crew. They were freed
several days after Beijingmade the inci-
dent public.
Patrick Zuo contributed research from
Beijing.
China and
India emphasize cooperation
NEW DELHI
Pakistan, a source of concern for India.
In a media briefing Monday, the Indi-
an ambassador to China, S. Jaishankar,
described Mr. Li’s visit as ‘‘a significant
visit. It’s a substantive visit. It’s a pro-
ductive visit.’’
‘‘There are issues, but the view was
that our shared interests are more than
our differences,’’ Mr. Jaishankar said.
Srikanth Kondapalli, a professor of
Chinese studies at Jawaharlal Nehru
University in New Delhi, said that India
had so far gotten little of value out of Mr.
Li’s visit, on issues including the border.
‘‘My assessment is that China has
gained more from these meetings than
India,’’ he said. ‘‘The Chinese side con-
ceded nothing.’’
The two sides pledged Monday to en-
hance their cooperation and even
agreed to joint military training exer-
cises later this year. The leaders’ joint
statement also referred to enhanced co-
operation on maritime security.
China has grown increasingly assert-
ive in the South China Sea and has been
building ports in Sri Lanka and Paki-
stan. China’s ports, referred to as ‘‘a
string of pearls,’’ have alarmed India
and unnerved the United States.
Infrastructure development and en-
ergy cooperation projects — both of
which India desperately needs — were
discussed, Mr. Jaishankar said.
The two sides also discussed India’s
growing alarm over China’s plans to
build a series of dams on the
BrahmaputraRiver, which flows into In-
dia’s northeastern provinces.
In a statement, Mr. Li said that China
is willing to ‘‘strengthen communica-
tion’’ with India over its dam develop-
ments.
The two leaders also discussed their
common concerns about Afghanistan,
efforts to increase tourism between the
two nations and an effort by India to in-
crease Chinese language instruction.
‘‘I think the point was that if India and
China are both growing, surely our rela-
tionship should be growing at least as
fast,’’ Mr. Jaishankar said.
Hari Kumar and Malavika Vyawahare
contributed reporting fromNewDelhi,
Chistopher Buckley fromHong Kong,
and Jane Perlez fromBeijing.
After premiers’ meeting,
communiqué plays down
recent areas of conflict
BY GARDINER HARRIS
The leaders of India and China papered
over their recent border spat Monday
with a friendly joint statement and an
array of promises for future economic
and military cooperation.
Prime Minister Manmohan Singh of
India emphasized in his remarks that
friendly relations between the two coun-
tries depended on ‘‘peace and tranquil-
ity on our borders.’’
‘‘While seeking an early resolution of
the boundary question, Premier Li and I
agreed that thismust continue to be pre-
served,’’ said Mr. Singh, referring to his
Chinese counterpart, Li Keqiang.
Mr. Li sought to offer some reassur-
ances about the border difficulties but
made no apology for a recent incursion
and made no promise that it would not
reoccur.
‘‘Both sides believe we need to im-
prove various border-related mechan-
isms that we have put into place and
make them more efficient, and we need
to appropriately manage and resolve
our differences,’’ Mr. Li said.
Mr. Li arrived in New Delhi on Sun-
day for his first trip abroad since assum-
ing office inMarch. Hemet first withMr.
Singh for private talks, followed by a
dinner at the Indian leader’s official res-
idence. Many of India’s top political
leaders, including opposition figures,
were on the guest list.
An account of Mr. Li’s meeting with
Mr. Singh published by China’s state-run
news agency, Xinhua, cast an upbeat
glow on relations, despite the border dis-
pute. ‘‘My visit to India is meant to tell
the world that mutual political confi-
dence between China and India is grow-
ing, that our practical cooperation is ex-
panding, and that our common interests
far outweigh our disagreements,’’ Mr. Li
told Mr. Singh, according to Xinhua.
‘‘Our two countries fully possess thewill,
wisdom and ability to together nurture a
Tensions high, Pyongyang
launches 2 m
ore rockets
KEVIN FRAYER/THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
A Tibetan exile praying at a protest in New Delhi on Monday. Indian officials had pre-
vented protests at the location of appearances by Mr. Li during his visit to the capital.
to test Pyongyang’s weapons or to
demonstrate its firepower, had ‘‘raised
tensions,’’ according to Kim Haing, a
presidential spokeswoman.
After months of bellicose rhetoric
from the North, relative quiet had ap-
peared to be settling on the Korean Pen-
insula until Saturday, when the North
suddenly launched three projectiles and
followed with another launching Sun-
day. The moves have rattled the region,
where governments remain puzzled
over Pyongyang’s motives.
North Korea routinely tests its short-
range missiles, which are primarily de-
signed to strike South Korea and U.S.
military bases there. But analysts say
the North’s missile tests are often timed
to raise tensions and push Washington
and Seoul to consider economic and dip-
lomatic concessions.
North Korea said Monday that the
launchings were part of its normal mili-
tary drills.
In a statement carried by the Korean
Central News Agency, Pyongyang’s of-
ficial news outlet, the North’s Commit-
tee for the Peaceful Reunification of the
Fatherland said it was ‘‘brigandish
sophism’’ for Washington and Seoul to
accuse the North of raising tensions
when they themselves recently staged
far bigger military exercises involving a
nuclear-powered aircraft carrier.
SEOUL
BY CHOE SANG-HUN
North Korea launched short-range pro-
jectiles Monday into waters off its east
coast for a third straight day, officials
here said, despite warnings from the
United States and South Korea against
increasing tensions.
The North has launched a total of six
short-range projectiles since Saturday,
including two Monday, in what are be-
lieved to have been tests of short-range
guidedmissiles or rockets frommultiple
launchers, officials said.
‘‘We remain vigilant for the possibil-
ity that the North may launch more’’
missiles and rockets, a spokesman for
the South Korean Defense Ministry
said, insisting on anonymity until his
government made a formal announce-
ment.
He said a short-range projectile,
launched from the North’s east coast,
had flown toward the northeastMonday
morning, followed by another in the af-
ternoon.
Kim Jang-soo, the national security
director at the presidential office in
Seoul, responded to the latest launching
by reiterating South Korea’s call for the
North to stop firing missiles. He said
that the launchings, whether intended
new bright spot in Asian cooperation.’’
Mr. Li was leading a large delegation
of Chinese business leaders, including
bankers and executives from two
Chinese telecommunications giants,
Huawei and ZTE. He is expected to try to
keep the three-day trip focused on eco-
nomic ties between China and India,
which have grown rapidly over the past
decade. The Chinese Commerce Min-
istrysaidlastweekthatthevalueofbi-
lateral trade had reached $66 billion in
2012, setting a goal of $100 billion by 2015.
India is now the world’s biggest arms
buyer, and China, its largest trading
partner, has hopes of supplying some of
those defense needs.
The two sides promisedMonday to ap-
point special representatives to investi-
gate the reasons behind the recent bor-
der dispute, themost prominent of a host
of irritants between the two countries.
On the morning of April 15, pictures
from an unmanned aircraft alerted the
Indian military that a contingent of
about 50 Chinese soldiers had set up
tents in the Ladakh region of eastern
Kashmir, about 20 kilometers, or 13
miles, into Himalayan territory claimed
by India. The soldiers unfurled a sign in
English saying that they were in China.
India sent a contingent of soldiers to set
up an encampment about a third of a ki-
lometer from the Chinese.
The standoff was resolved just before
the Indian external affairs minister was
scheduled to fly to Beijing to help pre-
pare for Mr. Li’s arrival.
Some Indian commentators have said
that the Indian government meekly
conceded to Chinese demands to demol-
ish some newly constructed bunkers
and reduce patrols in the area as part of
the dispute’s resolution, claims that a
senior Indian official denied.
But there is a widely held view among
officials and defense experts in India that
the encroachment served as a reminder
that China had grown far more powerful
than India in recent decades, a reality
that top Indian officials quietly concede.
Still, Indian officials said they appreci-
ated Mr. Li’s decision to make India his
first foreign visit in his new post. The
Chinese leader is scheduled to fly to Pa-
kistan, India’s bitter rival, on Tuesday.
Pakistan andChina have long had strong
military ties, but growing internal tur-
moil has cost Pakistan some of its inter-
national clout. China is building a port in
Chinese military is said to have resumed cyberattacks on U.S. targets
HACKING, FROMPAGE 1
few minor changes in tactics, it was
‘‘business as usual’’ for the Chinese
hackers.
The subject of Chinese attacks is ex-
pected to be a central issue in a coming
visit to China by President Barack
Obama’s national security adviser,
Thomas Donilon, who has said that
dealing with China’s actions in cyber-
space is nowmoving to the center of the
complex security and economic rela-
tionship between the two countries.
But hopes for progress on the issue are
limited. When the Pentagon released its
report this month officially identifying
the Chinese military as the source of at-
tacks for years, the Chinese ForeignMin-
istry denied the accusation, and People’s
Daily, which reflects the views of the
Communist Party, called the United
States ‘‘the real ‘hacking empire,’ ’’ say-
ing it had ‘‘continued to strengthen its
network tools for political subversion
against other countries.’’ Other Chinese
organizations and scholars citedU.S. and
Israeli cyberattacks on Iranian nuclear
facilities as evidence of U.S. hypocrisy.
At the White House, Caitlin Hayden,
the spokeswoman for the National Se-
curity Council, said Sunday that ‘‘what
we have been seeking from China is for
it to investigate our concerns and to
start a dialogue with us on cyber-
issues.’’ She noted that China had
‘‘agreed last month to start a newwork-
ing group’’ and that the administration
hoped to win ‘‘longer-term changes in
China’s behavior, including by working
together to establish norms against the
theft of trade secrets and confidential
business information.’’
In a report to be issued Wednesday, a
private task force led by Mr. Obama’s
former director of national intelligence,
Dennis C. Blair, and his former ambas-
sador to China, Jon M. Huntsman Jr.,
lays out a series of proposed executive
actions and congressional legislation in-
tended to raise the stakes for China.
‘‘Jawboning alone won’t work,’’ Mr.
Blair said Saturday. ‘‘Something has to
change China’s calculus.’’
The exposure of Unit 61398’s actions,
which have long beenwell known toU.S.
intelligence agencies, did not accom-
plish that task.
One day after Mandiant and the U.S.
government revealed the P.L.A. unit as
the culprit behind hundreds of attacks
on agencies and companies, the unit
began a haphazard cleanup operation,
Mandiant said.
Attack tools were unplugged fromvic-
tims’ systems. Command and control
aP.L.A.hackerfrom2006to2009,in
which he lamented his low pay,
President Xi Jinping’s government that
a pattern of theft by the P.L.A. will dam-
age China’s growth prospects—and the
willingness of companies to invest in
China — their longer-term concern is
that China may be trying to establish a
new set of rules for Internet commerce,
with more censorship and fewer penal-
ties for the theft of intellectual property.
Eric Schmidt, the chairman of Google,
said Friday that while there was evi-
dence that inside China many citizens
were using theWeb to pressure the gov-
ernment to clean up industrial hazards
or to complain about corruption, ‘‘so far
there is no positive data on China’s deal-
ings with the rest of the world’’ on
cyberissues.
Google largely pulled out of China
after repeated attacks on its systems in
2009 and 2010, and now has its Chinese
operations in Hong Kong. But it re-
mains, Mr. Schmidt said, a constant tar-
get for Chinese cyberattackers.
Nicole Perlroth reported from San Fran-
cisco.
‘‘have to be convinced there is a real
cost to this kind of activity.’’
Mandiant said that the Chinese hack-
ers had stopped their attacks after they
were exposed in February and removed
their spying tools from the organiza-
tions they had infiltrated. But over the
past two months, they have gradually
begun attacking the same victims from
new servers and have reinserted many
of the tools that enable them to seek out
data without detection. They are now
operating at 60 percent to 70 percent of
the level they were working at before,
according to a study by Mandiant re-
quested by The New York Times.
The Times hired Mandiant to investi-
gate an attack that originated in China
on its news operations last autumn.
Mandiant is not currently working for
The New York Times Co.
Mandiant’s findings match those of
Crowdstrike, another security company
that has also been tracking the group.
Adam Meyers, director of intelligence
at Crowdstrike, said that apart from a
long
hours and instant ramenmeals.
But in the weeks that followed, the
group picked up where it had left off.
From its Shanghai headquarters, the
unit’s hackers set up new beachheads
from compromised computers all over
the world, many of them at small Inter-
net service providers andmom-and-pop
shops whose owners do not realize that
by failing to rigorously apply software
patches for known threats, they are en-
abling state-sponsored espionage.
‘‘They dialed it back for a little while,
though other groups that also wear uni-
forms didn’t even bother to do that,’’
Kevin Mandia, the chief executive of
Mandiant, said in an interview Friday.
‘‘I think you have to view this as the new
normal.’’
The hackers now use the same mali-
cious software they used to break into
the same organizations in the past, only
with minor modifications to the code.
While U.S. officials and corporate ex-
ecutives say they are trying to persuade
‘‘Something has to change
China’s calculus.’’
servers went silent. And of the 3,000
technical indicatorsMandiant identified
in its initial report, only a sliver kept op-
erating. Some of the unit’s most visible
operatives, hackers with names like
DOTA, SuperHard and UglyGorilla, dis-
appeared, as cybersleuths scoured the
Internet for clues to their real identities.
In the case of UglyGorilla,Web sleuths
found digital evidence that linked him to
a Chinese national named Wang Dong,
who kept a blog about his experience as
 ..
4
| TUESDAY, MAY 21, 2013
INTERNATIONAL HERALD TRIBUNE
world news
asia middle east
BRIEFLY
Asia
Rising star
in Israel tries
to maintain
momentum
TEL AVIV
KABUL
Suicide attack in north
kills anti-Taliban leader
A suicide bomber disguised as a police
officer killed 14 people Monday, includ-
ing the head of a provincial council in
northern Afghanistan, Afghan officials
said.
The head of the council, Rasul
Mohseni, commonly known as Rasul
Khan, was widely regarded as the most
powerful man in Baghlan Province and
was a veteran commander who had led
northerners in revolt against Afghanis-
tan’s former Taliban regime. He was
killed along with four of his bodyguards
and three police officers, as well as six
other people, according to Zubair Ak-
bari, the province’s director of public
health. Five others were wounded.
Mr. Mohseni, who was viewed as
more powerful than either Baghlan’s
governor or its police chief, had been
accused of quietly rearming militiamen
in the north in case the Taliban again
proved a threat. His brother is an
Afghan general, Mustafa Mohseni, and
another brother, AzimMohseni, is an
influential member of Parliament.
HONGKONG
Ex-official at state bank
charged with taking bribes
China’s top anti-corruption agency
saidMonday that a former state bank
executive faces allegations of pocket-
ing huge bribes, the latest senior offi-
cial to face charges during the new
leadership’s drive to show it is attack-
ing corruption.
The Central Commission for Disci-
pline Inspection, which oversees Com-
munist Party inquiries into official mis-
conduct, said Yang Kun, a former vice
president of the state-controlled Agri-
cultural Bank of China, has been ex-
pelled from the party and handed over
to crime investigators, Xinhua, the
state-run news agency, reported. Mr.
Yang, who has been under investigation
since last year, ‘‘exploited his position to
provide private gain for others and took
massive bribes,’’ the Xinhua report said.
In China, senior officials accused of
wrongdoing usually first face the party
discipline commission, which decides
whether to authorize a legal inquiry
that can bring a criminal indictment.
With that inquiry now under way, Mr.
Yang is likely eventually to face trial
and conviction.
PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
Officer killed as attack mars
renewal of polio vaccine drive
Suspected militants opened fire on a
polio vaccination team in Pakistan’s
tribal belt Monday, killing a paramilit-
ary soldier and underscoring the con-
tinued threat to one of the region’s
most urgent health campaigns.
Gunmen hiding in a field fired at the
health workers as they were traveling
through Bajaur tribal district, which
borders Afghanistan. An officer who had
been guarding the teamwas killed, and
the gunmen fled. ‘‘It was hit and run,’’
said a senior tribal official in the district,
who spoke by telephone on condition of
anonymity because he was not author-
ized to speak with the news media.
Eight tribesmen were later detained,
he said. The health workers were part
of a three-day drive to vaccinate chil-
dren under the age of 5 against polio in
the tribal belt, which is the major center
of new infections in Pakistan, one of
three countries where the disease re-
mains endemic.
BEIJING
At least 12 dead after blast
at factory making explosives
A huge blast ripped through an explo-
sives factoryMonday in eastern China,
killing at least 12 people and leaving
others buried in the debris, the state
news media reported.
Rescuers were taking care to avoid
setting off additional explosions as they
went through the factory site in Caofan
Township, in Shandong Province, Xin-
hua, the state-run news agency, report-
ed. It said the factory, run by the Baoli
group, manufactured 10,000 tons of in-
dustrial explosives annually. The cause
of the blast and conditions of those in-
jured were not immediately known.
(AP)
After election triumph,
Yair Lapid faces reality
of falling poll numbers
BY JODI RUDOREN
To say Yair Lapid has been on a roller
coaster would be an understatement.
One recent headline blared about his
‘‘meteoric rise and fall,’’ another said he
had gone from ‘‘political darling to na-
tional whipping boy.’’
Mr. Lapid, a popular television host
with no political experience, stunned Is-
rael in January by galvanizing the secu-
lar middle class around kitchen-table
concerns to make his new Yesh Atid
Party the second largest in Parliament.
He was immediately crowned a king-
maker and talked openly about quickly
replacing Prime Minister Benjamin
Netanyahu.
But he ended up with the highly
charged job of finance minister, and fac-
ing a huge deficit. As he presented an
austerity budget this month with tax in-
creases and subsidy cuts that hit hard
the people he claimed to represent, polls
showed his approval rating plummeting
to 21 percent; fewer than half of those
who votedYeshAtid (There Is a Future)
said they would pick the party again.
The protesters who had helped propel
his political rise began showing up out-
side his home on a Tel Aviv cul-de-sac.
So after months of communicating
with the public only on Facebook, Mr.
Lapid has embarked on a media blitz,
deploying his telegenic good looks and
sound-bite savvy. He summoned a
series of journalists to an outdoor cafe in
TelAvivonThursday,wearingjeans
and his trademark black T-shirt, and
tried to take the long view.
‘‘I’m going to be bashed now and be
the beneficiary of this within, I don’t
know, a year or a year and a half,’’ Mr.
Lapid, 49, said in his first interviewwith
an international news organization
since his unexpected vault into global
headlines. He still hopes to succeed Mr.
Netanyahu but said, ‘‘I’m in no hurry.’’
Asked about the transition to politics,
he called it ‘‘painful,’’ joking, ‘‘I used to
have so many opinions before I learned
the facts.’’
In an hourlong conversation, Mr. Lap-
id offered no criticism of Mr. Netan-
yahu. He said he talked or exchanged
text messages almost daily with Naftali
Bennett, the leader of the nationalist
Jewish Home Party, with whom he
formed an alliance to block the ultra-Or-
thodox from joining Israel’s governing
QUSAIR LENS/THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
Syrians inspecting debris following pro-government airstrikes in Qusayr, near the Lebanese border in the province of Homs. Many residents have been unable to flee the city.
Hezbollah
deaths rise in Syrian fighting
BEIRUT
Lebanese and Syrian descent, and other
minorities they say are threatened by the
uprising led by Syria’s Sunni majority.
The Joint Command of the Free Syri-
an Army, the U.S.-backed rebel um-
brella group, issued a rallying cry that
supporters of Hezbollah were bound to
see as inflammatory, calling the group
‘‘impure,’’ which could resonate as a
sectarian slur against Shiites.
It congratulated rebels holding out in
Qusayr, calling them ‘‘brave heroes
whose victories will be highlighted by
history in letters made of light as they
have defended their land and their hon-
or from the impurity of the criminal ter-
rorist members of Hezbollah.’’ It also
taunted Hezbollah’s leadership, saying,
‘‘We know very well how their gang is
constructed, and we know how to take it
apart, and we will take it apart. We see
heads that are ripe for the picking.’’
In a taunt at Lebanese families send-
ing Hezbollah fighters to the battle, the
Free Syrian Army said, ‘‘We can now
say that every single family or neigh-
borhood in Baalbek or Hermel has a
dead family member among their sons
who fought in Qusayr.’’
One relative of a slainHezbollah fight-
er spoke in equally strong terms about
the battle, saying in an interview that it
was as crucial for the party as the
struggle against Israel.
Rebels said they had destroyed seven
armored vehicles and had killed dozens
more government and Hezbollah fight-
ers, an activist in Qusayr said.
The Observatory also said that at least
six rebels had been killed onMonday, in-
cluding a commander, but activists say
the toll could be higher because not all
bodies have been recovered. The joint
command of the rebel forces also said
hospitals in Baalbek and the Hezbollah-
controlled southern suburbs of Beirut
had accepted many Hezbollah wounded.
On Sunday, Syrian troops backed by
Hezbollah fighters pushed into parts of
Qusayr is a conduit for rebel supplies
and fighters from Lebanon, and it links
Damascus to the Mediterranean coast,
which is the heartland for Mr. Assad’s
minority Alawite sect.
The rebels have issued pleas for help,
saying they are running out of ammuni-
tion. A Syrian opposition figure with ties
to the Saudi government, who spoke on
the condition of anonymity, said Sunday
that support and ammunition from Gulf
countries was reaching insurgents in
Qusayr but added that the government’s
increasing control of supply routes
made delivery difficult. ‘‘They are get-
ting help,’’ the opposition figure said,
‘‘but the other side ismuch stronger and
better equipped and trained.’’
Even so, one Qusayr resident, a doc-
tor who works in field hospitals and
whose brother is a rebel fighter, said
that Qusayr’s rebels were more highly
motivated than government fighters.
He said a ground assault on the city,
where about 7,000 local fighters have
spent months preparing defenses and
ambushes, would cost many lives.
Mediterranean
Sea
Hama
New airstrikes are aimed
at rebels in strategic city
as regional tensions grow
Homs
Qusayr
u
LEBANON
BY ANNE BARNARD
Fighting raged on Monday in the stra-
tegic Syrian city of Qusayr as the gov-
ernment unleashed new airstrikes and
rebels resisted fiercely in parts of the
city even as their makeshift hospitals
overflowed with the wounded, Syrian
opposition activists said.
The toll of dead and wounded also
continued to rise for the Lebanese mili-
tant group Hezbollah, which is fighting
its biggest battle yet on the side of Pres-
ident Bashar al-Assad. Both sides have
depicted the fighting in Qusayr as a
turning point in the war that is raising
regional tensions as Hezbollah plunges
more deeply into the conflict.
Funerals for Hezbollah fighters were
being planned in the group’s strongholds
in the Bekaa Valley and southern Leba-
non, relatives of the dead said. The Syri-
an Observatory for Human Rights, an
opposition watchdog group based in
Britain, said at least 23Hezbollah guerril-
las had died in the fighting. If confirmed,
that would be by far the largest toll for
Hezbollah in a single Syrian battle.
Echoes of the battle rippled across
Lebanon, which is deeply divided be-
tween supporters and opponents of Mr.
Assad. In the city of Tripoli, from which
many Sunni Muslim militants have
joined the Syrian rebels, residents held a
candlelight vigil late Sunday in support
of Qusayr’s rebels. In Shiite areas, resi-
dents worried about relatives fighting in
Syria and prayed for victory in a battle
that Hezbollah has framed as a proxy
fight against its main foe, Israel, and an
intervention to defend Shiites in Syria, of
Beirut
Damascus
GOLAN
HEIGHTS
SYRIA
ISRAEL
JORDAN
60 km
Qusayr, hitting the city with airstrikes
and artillery, killing at least 52 people and
wounding hundreds as civilians cowered,
unable to flee, activists said. By the end of
the day Sunday, about 60 percent of the
city, which is in Homs Province, was un-
der the army’s control for the first time in
months, one activist said.
Mr. Assad, say people who have
spoken with him, believes that reassert-
ing his hold in the province is crucial to
maintaining control of a string of popula-
tion centers in western Syria, and even-
tually to military campaigns to retake
rebel-held territory in the north and east.
Many analysts say that it is unlikely that
the government will be able to regain
control of those areas, but that it could
consolidate its grip on the west, leading
to a de facto division of the country.
The small city, about 160 kilometers,
or 100 miles, north of Damascus, is cru-
cial to supply routes for both sides.
‘‘In no time at all, he has lost
his major assets.’’
Appeal to aid refugees
The international aid group Oxfam is
appealing for more funds to help Syrian
refugees in Lebanon and Jordan, saying
that warmer weather will increase
health risks from lack of shelter, water
and basic sanitation, The Associated
Press reported fromBeirut onMonday.
Oxfam said it needed $53 million to
improve access to water and proper
sanitation for Syrian refugees. So far,
the aid group has received $10.6 million.
The group said diarrhea and skin in-
fections had already been noted among
refugees in Jordan and Lebanon. The
two countries hold the bulk of 1.5 million
Syrians who have fled the civil war. Ox-
fam says it needs the donations quickly
because temperatures are expected to
soar in the region in the coming weeks.
coalition. He declined to discuss securi-
ty issues like Iran.
An avowed centrist, Mr. Lapid never-
theless took a hard line on policy toward
the Palestinians, the issue that has
defined Israeli politics for decades but
that was overshadowed by domestic
concerns in the recent campaign.
He said he had found Mr. Netanyahu
‘‘more willing’’ and ‘‘more prepared
than people tend to think’’ to make
peace with the Palestinians. Mr. Lapid
said he would not stop the ‘‘natural ex-
pansion’’ of settlements in the West
Bank nor curtail the financial incentives
offered Israelis to move there. He said
the large swaths of land known as East
Jerusalem that Israel captured from
Jordan in the 1967war and later annexed
had to stay in Israeli hands because ‘‘we
didn’t come here for nothing.’’
‘‘Jerusalem is not a place, Jerusalem
is an idea,’’ he said. ‘‘Jerusalem is the
capital of the Israeli state.’’
Little known outside Israel a few
months ago, Mr. Lapid ousted Mr. Net-
anyahu in April from Time magazine’s
list of the world’s 100 most influential
people, and last week he topped The Je-
rusalem Post’s ranking of influential
Jews. But he has become the target of
angry Facebook campaigns and editori-
al cartoons and is battered daily by col-
umnists across the spectrum.
‘‘In no time at all, he has lost hismajor
assets: the credibility and trust of the
Israeli voter,’’ Yossi Verter, the political
writer for the left-leaning daily Haaretz,
wrote Friday. In Yediot Aharonot,
Nahum Barnea said, ‘‘The truth is that
Lapid has taken too much upon him-
self.’’ And in the right-leaning Jerusa-
lem Post, Gil Hoffman observed, ‘‘The
boxer who idolizes Muhammad Ali has
now become a political punching bag.’’
One of the things that led some to turn
on Mr. Lapid was the revelation that he
had met in April with Sheldon Adelson,
the ultraconservative U.S. financier
who backs Mr. Netanyahu and owns the
Israel Hayom newspaper, which loyally
supports him.
Mr. Lapid said Thursday that Mr.
Adelson had requested the meeting to
ensure that the government would con-
tinue its matching grant of about $40
million to Birthright, a program that
brings young Jews to Israel, and that
there had been ‘‘nothing political about
it.’’
Ethan Bronner and Irit Pazner
Garshowitz contributed reporting.
Israeli panel c
ontests veracity of incendiary intifada film
JERUSALEM
BY ISABEL KERSHNER
The images seen around the world were
shocking: a young boy being shot and
killed as he crouched behind his father
at a dusty junction inGaza in September
2000. But the facts behind the images
have been disputed almost from the
start, and on Sunday, the Israeli govern-
ment asserted that there was no evi-
dence for the original account of the
event, which was that the boy had been
hitbyIsraelibullets—andthatitwas
even possible that neither the boy nor
his father had been struck by any bul-
lets at all.
The original television report —
filmed by France 2, a public television
channel, at the outbreak of the second
Palestinian intifada — had a powerful
impact, galvanizing the uprising and
fueling international criticism of Israel.
The boy, who was identified as
Muhammad al-Dura, 12, became a sym-
bol of the struggle against Israel; his
name was invoked by Osama bin Laden,
and images of him cowering behind his
father have appeared on postage
stamps across the region.
Although an Israeli general initially
told reporters at a news conference that
the boy had apparently been hit by Is-
raeli gunfire, as the television report
stated, an investigation by the Israeli
military found a few weeks later that it
was more likely that the boy had been
hit by bullets fired by Palestinians dur-
AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE
Frames from a clip of footage taken in 2000 for a televised report showing Jamal al-Dura and his son, Muhammad, crouching amid gunfire.
ing the exchanges of fire in the area. In
2007, an official Israeli document de-
scribed the assertions that the boy had
been killed by Israeli fire as ‘‘myth.’’
The new findings published Sunday
were the work of an Israeli government
review committee, which said its task
had been to re-examine the event ‘‘in
light of the continued damage it has
caused to Israel.’’ They came after
years of debate over the veracity of the
France 2 report, which was filmed by a
Gaza correspondent, Talal Abu Rahma,
and narrated by the station’s Jerusalem
bureau chief, Charles Enderlin, who
was not at the present at the scene.
The Israeli government review sug-
gested, as other critics have, that the
France 2 footage might have been
staged. It noted anomalies like the ap-
parent lack of blood in appropriate
places at the scene and said that raw
footage from the seconds after the boy’s
apparent death seemed to show him
raising his arm.
‘‘Contrary to the report’s claim that
the boy is killed, the committee’s review
of the raw footage showed that in the fi-
nal scenes, whichwere not broadcast by
France 2, the boy is seen to be alive,’’ the
review said. ‘‘Based on the available ev-
idence, it appears significantly more
likely that Palestinian gunmen were the
source of the shots which appear to
have impacted in the vicinity’’ of the
boy and his father.
France 2 and Mr. Enderlin have pur-
sued a libel case in the French courts
against Philippe Karsenty, who runs a
French media watchdog group and who
accused the network of broadcasting a
staged scene as news. A trial court
reached a verdict against Mr. Karsenty
in thematter in 2006, but the verdict was
overturned on appeal in 2008; France 2
appealed that decision to a higher court,
which is expected to rule Wednesday.
France 2, Mr. Enderlin and Mr. Abu
Rahma have consistently defended
their report. Mr. Enderlin told the
Agence France-Presse news service on
Sunday, ‘‘We are ready for an independ-
ent public inquiry.’’
Mr. Enderlin described the Israeli
government report as a ‘‘secret com-
mission,’’ writing on his Twitter account
on Sunday that the committee had con-
tacted neither France 2; the boy’s fa-
ther, Jamal; nor others who were at the
scene.
REUTERS
Searching for survivors of the Monday morning
factory explosion in Shandong Province, China.
ISLAMABAD
Bail granted to Pakistan’s ex-ruler
A judge onMonday granted bail to
Gen. Pervez Musharraf, Pakistan’s
former military ruler, in a case related
to the assassination of Benazir Bhutto,
a former prime minister, his lawyer
said. Despite the bail, General Mushar-
raf will remain under house arrest on
the outskirts of the capital, Islamabad,
in connection with two other cases
against him.
(AP)
 ..
TUESDAY, MAY 21, 2013 |
5
THE GLOBAL EDITION OF THE NEW YORK TIMES
middle east europe
world news
BRIEFLY
Middle East
‘Many Tsarnaevs’ keep Caucasus tense
DAGESTAN, FROMPAGE 1
pasha Umakhanov. ‘‘Do you know how
many Tsarnaevs we have?’’
Mr. Umakhanov, a wrestling coach,
knows just how close the combatants in
this war are.
The guerrillas recruit athletes, and five
of his star pupils have risen to become in-
surgent commanders, or ‘‘emirs.’’ One of
his deputies was forced to resign last
year after his son was accused of aiding
an armed group. The fighters visit
Khasavyurt to hunt down city police of-
ficers — 36 have been killed since 2009 —
or to slip flash drives with videotaped
messages into the mailboxes of officials
or businessmen, asking for money, lest
‘‘God punish you with our hands.’’
Last October, someone came for the
mayor himself. A bomb went off beside
his motorcade, leaving behind a crater
nearly a meter deep and 3 meters wide,
or 3 feet deep and 10 feet wide.
The state answers with its own thun-
der. In April, armored combat vehicles
and masked commandos surrounded
the mountain village of Gimry, a strong-
hold of Islamismand defiance to Russia,
and ordered women and children to
evacuate. Troops shelled a neighboring
gorge and then used ropes to haul out
the bodies of three suspected militants.
When residents were allowed to return
a week later, many homes had been ran-
sacked, some reduced to rubble.
In Dagestan, with a population of
nearly 2.9million, about 350 peoplewere
killed in fighting in 2012, of which two-
thirds were militants and one-third po-
lice officers, according to the news ser-
vice Caucasian Knot. The message from
the authorities is clear: Once a young
man has taken part in an attack, he is
unlikely to live long.
‘‘They cannot return — there is no
road back,’’ Mr. Umakhanov said. ‘‘That
is the problem.’’
It is against this backdrop that Mr.
Altysultanov is trying to find his way
‘‘back from the forest,’’ as they say here.
Sitting before a banquet, apparently
too nervous to eat, he told the story of
how he and other athletes from his gym
had fallen under the influence of
Rustam Khamanayev, a charismatic
older athlete who called himself ‘‘emir
of the Aukhovsky jamaat.’’ One day,
they were told to report to an aban-
doned warehouse, swapped their track
suits for camouflage, received automat-
ic weapons and were loaded into the
back of a van headed for a camp.
‘‘I can say, for myself, that I had a
fantasy of holding a gun in my hand,’’
Mr. Altysultanov said softly. ‘‘Because
Khamanayev said so, I thought that a
Muslim must live in Shariah state. This
was the goal.’’ The emir demanded elab-
orate shows of respect; the fighters
could not turn their backs to him.
Mr. Altysultanov said he began to
miss his family. It was such a hard time,
he said, ‘‘Even thinking about it, my
mood is spoiled.’’
Dagestan’s push to rehabilitate guer-
rilla fighters was itself an experiment,
undertaken as Dmitri A. Medvedev,
then the president of Russia, was test-
ing softer approaches to the stubborn
violence of the Caucasus.
Analysts have pointed out problems
with the initiative — for instance, the
humiliating requirement that each man
confess his mistakes and condemn the
insurgency before television cameras,
for propaganda purposes. Law enforce-
ment officials resisted the program as
excessively lenient, and questioned
EL ARISH, EGYPT
Army sends reinforcements
to area of hostage seizure
The Egyptian Army sent reinforce-
ments into the Sinai Peninsula onMon-
day after President MohamedMorsi
said there would be no talks with mili-
tant Islamists who abducted seven
members of the security forces.
Amilitary official said the move had
followed a meeting between the mili-
tary leadership andMr. Morsi, who had
said he would not submit to blackmail
by the kidnappers. They are demand-
ing the release of militant Islamists
jailed over attacks in 2011. A video pos-
ted online Sunday showed seven blind-
folded men with their hands bound
above their heads, who said they were
the hostages, beggingMr. Morsi to free
political detainees in Sinai in exchange
for their own release. The video, which
was the first sign of the hostages since
their kidnapping, could not be inde-
pendently verified.
OnMonday, witnesses saw armored
personnel carriers moving east over
the Suez Canal toward the North Sinai
area where militants carried out the ab-
duction last week and where gunmen
attacked a police base Monday. The
gunmen attacked the base in the El Ar-
ish area from a truck and fired auto-
matic weapons, but the attack did not
result in any casualties.
(REUTERS, AP)
JERUSALEM
Vandals spray-paint home
of women’s group leader
The Israeli police saidMonday that van-
dals had spray-painted slogans on the
home of one of the leaders of a liberal
Jewish women’s group that has angered
ultra-Orthodox communities over its
demands for equality of worship.
Israeli television footage showed
black writing on the hallway and door
of the Jerusalem home. A police spokes-
man, Micky Rosenfeld, said the police
were investigating.
The group, known as Women of the
Wall, convenes monthly prayer ser-
vices at the WesternWall, the holiest
site where Jews can pray, wearing
prayer shawls and performing rituals
that ultra-Orthodox Jews believe only
men are allowed to take part in. Israeli
officials initially opposed the group but
have recently backed its right to wor-
ship. This month, thousands of ultra-
Orthodox protesters tried to prevent a
prayer service held by the group.
(AP)
TEHRAN
New air defense system
being produced, Iran says
Iran saidMonday that it had started
mass-producing a new sophisticated
air defense missile system capable of
engaging low-altitude aircraft.
A report by state television quoted
the defense minister, Gen. Ahmad
Vahidi, as saying that the new system,
dubbed Herz-9, or Talisman-9 in Farsi,
was capable of operating at night. He
said the systemwas mobile and could
automatically identify and target flying
objects at ‘‘low altitude.’’
The report showed the system, in-
volving double missiles mounted on a
truck.
(AP)
PHOTOGRAPHS BY DMITRY KOSTYUKOV FOR THE NEWYORK TIMES
Worshipers in a mosque in Khasavyurt, a city near the Chechen border in the Russian region of Dagestan. Guerrillas in the region recruit young people to ‘‘go to the forest’’ and fight.
months earlier. At a public hearing, all
seven gave ritual apologies and tried
haltingly to explain their reasons: unem-
ployment and an inability to pay bribes
for education. One said he had been led
to believe that he would go straight to
heaven if he died in the name of Islam.
These days, Mr. Altysultanov works in
his uncle’s construction business. ‘‘He is
my emir now,’’ he said, with a wan smile.
It was impossible to know, watching
him and the deputy mayor, how much
had really been forgiven and how much
forgotten.
When he crosses paths with the other
men who were with him in the guerrilla
unit, he said, they do not talk about what
they did. They are right to be ashamed,
said Khaibulla Umarov, the mayor’s
deputy for social safety and ideology.
‘‘Theywant to cut it out of their lives,’’
Mr. Umarov said. ‘‘Those three months
will follow them for the rest of their
days. Their kids will be playing, and oth-
er kids will tell them, ‘Your father was
one of the forest people.’ ’’
60 km
RUSSIA
Caspian Sea
DAGESTAN
CHECHNYA
vyurt
Khasav
akhachkala
Ma
Gimry
GEORGIA
Tbilisi
Tbilisi
AZERBAIJAN
A
ARMENIA
ARMENIA
Khaibulla Umarov, an official in Khasavyurt responsible for social safety and ideology,
said militants who recant are right to be ashamed and ‘‘want to cut it out of their lives.’’
them, they mock them. They leave
angry, and they go to the forest.’’
‘‘The population doesn’t know who to
be afraid of,’’ she added. ‘‘The police, or
the fighters.’’
In Khasavyurt, a handful of parents
have tried to thrust themselves into that
gap, walking the forests at night to
search for their sons, and warning that
the state’s hard-line approach is driving
young men deeper underground.
Seven men left an armed band last au-
tumn, including Mr. Altysultanov, who
had disappeared from his home three
Car bombs strike capital
Two car bombs exploded on Monday in
Dagestan’s capital, Makhachkala,
killing at least 2 people and wounding at
least 20, news agencies reported, in one
of the deadliest attacks this year in the
region. The Associated Press quoted in-
vestigators as saying that both explo-
sions appeared to have been set off by
remote control.
whether the men who surrendered had
really repented, according to a report by
the International Crisis Group.
But the most serious obstacle is that
young people do not trust the police to
guarantee their safety, said Sapiyat
Magomedova, a Khasavyurt lawyer
who represents people accused of aid-
ing insurgents. She scrolled through
photographs of clients who had been
beaten in police custody, as officials
sought confessions or bribes. She her-
self was beaten unconscious in a police
station in 2010, when she was trying to
get access to a client.
‘‘Who is pushing them into the
woods? Who?’’ she said. ‘‘It is those
same officers. Their outrages send these
people into the woods —what they do to
their relatives, the fact that they torture
Russia expe
ls U.S. lawyer based in Moscow
Wave of attacks hits Iraq,
cutting across
faith divide
BAGHDAD
in Moscow last week in an embarrass-
ing spy scandal, finally left Russia, as
the Russian Foreign Ministry had de-
manded. Mr. Fogle, whose official title
at the embassy in Moscow was third
secretary of the political desk, was ar-
rested by the Russian Federal Security
Service and was accused of trying to re-
cruit a Russian counterterrorismofficer
to spy for the C.I.A.
Senior political leaders, including
Secretary of State John Kerry and the
Russian foreignminister, SergeyV. Lav-
rov, have made it clear that they do not
intend to let the Russian-U.S. spy games
disrupt their cooperation on larger is-
sues of international security, in partic-
ular a conference in Geneva aimed at
resolving the civil war in Syria.
But word of the approach to Mr. Fire-
stone, and his expulsion, suggested that
A security service official told Rus-
sian news agencies after the arrest that
Mr. Fogle had been under surveillance
since he arrived in Russia in 2011 and
that the Russian government had com-
plained about him to the C.I.A.’s station
chief inMoscow.
Separately, the security service told
Russian news agencies that several
months earlier, it had identified another
C.I.A. officer working undercover and
demanded that he leave the country but
had not gone public with the case. The
officer left Russia.
Before leaving government service
last year, Mr. Firestone served two
tours of duty at the U.S. Embassy in
Moscow, where his title was resident le-
galadviser.Whenhewentintoprivate
practice, he joined the Moscow office of
Baker & McKenzie, a global law firm.
Since then, much of his work has been
on anti-corruption matters, an area that
does not always win robust support in
Russian
ment knows the reason, and we do not
wish to speculate.’’
Mr. Linklater declined to answer ad-
ditional questions, including why the
firm had removed Mr. Firestone’s bio-
graphy from its site.
That biography indicated that Mr.
Firestone had graduated from Harvard
University with a degree in Slavic lan-
guages and literature, and later from
Harvard LawSchool; it said he also held
a master’s degree in political science
from the University of California,
Berkeley.
Mr. Firestone is an expert in the For-
eign Corrupt Practices Act, a U.S. law
that often allows prosecution of foreign
bribery cases in U.S. courts. Earlier, he
worked as an assistant U.S. attorney in
the Eastern District of New York. In
Russia, according to the biography, he
advised the Parliament and the presi-
dential administration on the drafting of
new criminal legislation.
In recent months, the United States
and Russia have traded angry barbs
over a U.S. law aimed at punishing hu-
man rights abuses in Russia. The U.S.
law, named for Sergei L. Magnitsky, a
lawyer who died in prison in Russia
after trying to expose a large govern-
ment tax fraud, requires the Obama ad-
ministration to draw up a list of Rus-
sians accused of violating human rights,
who are to be barred from traveling to
theUnitedStatesorowningpropertyor
other assets there.
The Russian government retaliated
with a similar law aimed at Americans;
it also banned the adoption of Russian
orphans by U.S. citizens.
Reached late Sunday, an official with
the Russian Foreign Ministry said that
it was not possible to comment on Mr.
Firestone’s case until Monday.
Mark Mazzetti reported fromWashing-
ton.
MOSCOW
Former embassy official
served as anti-corruption
expert in private practice
like Al Qaeda have targeted them with
occasional large-scale attacks.
But the renewed violence in Shiite
and Sunni areas since late last month
has fueled concerns of a return to sec-
tarianwarfare. Since lastWednesday, at
least 224 people have been killed in at-
tacks, according to an A.P. count.
The worst of Monday’s violence took
place in Baghdad, where 10 car bombs
ripped through open-air markets and
other areas of Shiite neighborhoods,
killing at least 47 people and wounding
more than 150, police officials said.
In the deadliest attack, explosives in a
parked car were detonated in a busy
market in the northern Shiite neighbor-
hood of Shaab, killing 14 and wounding
24, police and health officials said.
The predominantly Shiite city of
Basra, in southern Iraq, was also hit on
Monday, with two car bombs there —
one outside a restaurant and the other
at the city’smain bus station—killing at
least 13 and wounding 40, said a provin-
cial police spokesman, Col. Abdul-
Karim al-Zaidi, and the head of city’s
health directorate, Riadh Abdul-Amir.
There was no immediate claim of re-
sponsibility for the attacks, but the fact
that theywere carried out in Shiite areas
raised the suspicion that Sunni militants
were involved. Also, Sunni insurgents,
particularly Al Qaeda in Iraq, are known
to employ such large-scale bombings.
The violence also struck Sunni areas,
including the city of Samarra, north of
Baghdad, and the western province of
Anbar, a Sunni stronghold and the birth-
place of the protest movement.
In Samarra, a parked car bomb went
off near a gathering of pro-government
Sunni militia who were waiting outside
a military base to receive salaries,
killing 3 and wounding 13.
At least 86 are killed
as fears grow of return to
all-out sectarian violence
BY DAVIDM. HERSZENHORN
ANDMARK MAZZETTI
A former senior Justice Department of-
ficial at the U.S. Embassy here was de-
clared ‘‘persona non grata’’ and barred
from Russia this month, according to
people familiar with the case, possibly
because he had rebuffed an effort by the
Russian Federal Security Service to re-
cruit him as a spy.
The former official, Thomas Fire-
stone, had been living and working in
Moscow as a lawyer for a U.S. law firm
and had extensive contacts in the Rus-
sian government. He was detained at
Sheremetyevo Airport outside Moscow
on May 5 while trying to return to Rus-
sia from a trip abroad; the authorities
held him for 16 hours and then put him
on a flight to the United States.
Mr. Firestone was contacted inMarch
by Russian intelligence operatives who
sought to enlist him to spy for the Rus-
sians, according to one personwho is fa-
miliar with the case. Mr. Firestone
turned them down, the person said. It
was not clear whether the episode was
the cause of his ejection fromRussia.
The Obama administration has raised
the matter of Mr. Firestone’s expulsion
with the Russian government, accord-
ing to one U.S. government official.
Spokesmen for the White House, the
State Department and the U.S. Em-
bassy in Moscow all declined to com-
ment.
Details of Mr. Firestone’s case
emerged on Sunday as Ryan C. Fogle, a
U.S. Embassy official who was arrested
THE ASSOCIATED PRESS
A wave of attacks in Shiite and Sunni
areas of Iraq on Monday killed at least
86 people, officials said, pushing the
death toll over the past week to more
than 230 and extending one of the most
sustained bouts of sectarian violence
the country has seen in years.
The bloodshed is still far short of the
pace, scale and brutality of the dark
days of 2006-2007, when Sunni and Shiite
militias in Iraq carried out retaliatory
attacks against each other.
Still, Monday’s attacks, some of which
hit markets and crowded bus stops dur-
ing the morning rush hour, have
heightened fears that the country could
be turning back down the path toward
civil war.
Sectarian tensions have beenworsen-
ing since Iraq’s minority Sunnis began
protesting what they say is mistreat-
ment at the hands of the Shiite-led gov-
ernment. The mass demonstrations,
which began in December, have largely
been peaceful, but the number of at-
tacks rose sharply after a deadly securi-
ty crackdown on a Sunni protest camp
in northern Iraq on April 23.
Iraq’s Shiite majority, which was op-
pressed under Saddam Hussein, now
holds the levers of power. Wishing to re-
build the nation rather than revert to
open warfare, Shiites have largely re-
strained their militias over the past five
years or so as Sunni extremist groups
‘‘Only the Russian
government knows the
reason, and we do not
wish to speculate.’’
government
or
business
circles.
Baker & McKenzie has removed Mr.
Firestone’s biography from itsWeb site.
Reached by e-mail in the United States,
Mr. Firestone referred questions to Wil-
liam J. Linklater, the firm’s director of
professional responsibility and an ex-
pert in white-collar criminal defense.
In a statement, Mr. Linklater said that
the Russian government had given no
explanation for its action and that the
firm did not believe Mr. Firestone had
done anything wrong.
‘‘As you know, Thomas Firestone, one
of our colleagues who has been practi-
cing in our Moscow office and formerly
was an employee of the United States
Embassy in Moscow, was detained and
refused admission to Moscow on May
5th,’’ Mr. Linklater wrote in the state-
ment. ‘‘Neither our colleague nor we
have been informed of the reason for
this action. Only the Russian govern-
Cold War-style espionage and counter-
espionage activities inside Russia may
have stepped up in recent months. The
full extent of those operations is not
clear, nor is it clear whether the Fire-
stone and Fogle cases are connected in
any way.
Video images of Mr. Fogle’s arrest, re-
leased by the Russian authorities,
showed him wearing a shaggy blond
wig, askew under a baseball cap, and
showed an assortment of items he was
said to be carrying, including a second
wig, a compass, an atlas of Moscow, a
pocket knife and two pairs of
sunglasses, as well as a large amount of
cash and a letter promising his recruit
as much as $1 million a year for useful
cooperation.
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